0 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:15,000 Yuk Help Share, Like and Follow us @ Layarkaca21indo.id Instgram 1 00:00:34,417 --> 00:00:36,542 ♪ ♪ 2 00:01:09,583 --> 00:01:11,667 ♪ ♪ 3 00:01:24,875 --> 00:01:27,500 ♪ ♪ 4 00:01:40,458 --> 00:01:42,667 (clattering) 5 00:01:48,333 --> 00:01:51,000 (flames roaring) 6 00:01:59,291 --> 00:02:02,875 Ron Pundak: It's hard to find an opening to my story, 7 00:02:02,959 --> 00:02:06,333 a tale of a small cog in the history of our region. 8 00:02:06,417 --> 00:02:08,709 (shouting, screaming) 9 00:02:13,333 --> 00:02:15,583 I can only write my own private memories 10 00:02:15,667 --> 00:02:18,208 of these three years of hope and anguish. 11 00:02:19,375 --> 00:02:21,458 Is this a tale of triumph, 12 00:02:21,542 --> 00:02:23,208 or defeat? 13 00:02:28,709 --> 00:02:30,959 The ending to our story 14 00:02:31,041 --> 00:02:33,208 has not yet been written. 15 00:02:34,500 --> 00:02:36,083 ♪ ♪ 16 00:02:49,917 --> 00:02:51,959 Ve zeh-- This is obviously shit. 17 00:02:53,041 --> 00:02:55,000 (chuckles) 18 00:02:55,083 --> 00:02:56,458 (speaking Hebrew) 19 00:02:58,291 --> 00:02:59,625 (speaking Hebrew) 20 00:02:59,709 --> 00:03:01,125 Pundak: Perhaps, I should start 21 00:03:01,208 --> 00:03:04,208 with the one decisive Wednesday, on July '92, 22 00:03:04,291 --> 00:03:08,375 when Professor Hirschfeld called me up with a dangerous proposition: 23 00:03:08,458 --> 00:03:12,000 joining him for a secret meeting with our sworn enemies, 24 00:03:12,083 --> 00:03:15,041 the Palestinian Liberation Organization, 25 00:03:15,125 --> 00:03:18,208 known to all as the PLO. 26 00:03:18,291 --> 00:03:20,417 (speaking Arabic) 27 00:03:30,959 --> 00:03:32,875 -(cheering) -(gunfire) 28 00:03:32,959 --> 00:03:35,375 Pundak: The PLO were a terrorist organization 29 00:03:35,458 --> 00:03:37,500 led by Yasser Arafat, 30 00:03:37,583 --> 00:03:41,291 a man many Israelis considered Hitler's successor. 31 00:03:42,166 --> 00:03:44,583 Arafat believed in armed struggle... 32 00:03:44,667 --> 00:03:47,250 -(explosion) -... fighting for Palestinian freedom. 33 00:03:48,125 --> 00:03:49,667 -(gunfire) -He took pride in the slaughter 34 00:03:49,750 --> 00:03:52,375 of the athletes in the Munich Olympics, 35 00:03:52,458 --> 00:03:55,834 opening fire on school children in Ma'alot, 36 00:03:55,917 --> 00:03:58,709 and planting deadly bombs all over Israel. 37 00:03:58,792 --> 00:04:00,083 (gunfire) 38 00:04:00,166 --> 00:04:02,834 The problem was Arafat was the only one 39 00:04:02,917 --> 00:04:04,542 -who Palestinians looked up to. -(cheering) 40 00:04:04,625 --> 00:04:07,583 He had the final say on all negotiations, 41 00:04:07,667 --> 00:04:10,458 but Israel refused to talk to him. 42 00:04:11,500 --> 00:04:13,625 (speaking Hebrew) 43 00:04:22,542 --> 00:04:25,542 (crowd chanting) 44 00:04:25,625 --> 00:04:26,709 Nine months ago, 45 00:04:26,792 --> 00:04:28,583 Rabin was elected to lead Israel 46 00:04:28,667 --> 00:04:31,750 on a platform of peace and security. 47 00:04:31,834 --> 00:04:34,834 But as the months went by, he delivered neither. 48 00:04:35,667 --> 00:04:37,875 As the terror attacks were on the rise, 49 00:04:37,959 --> 00:04:40,208 and the peace process was deadlocked, 50 00:04:40,291 --> 00:04:42,417 Rabin's right-wing opposition 51 00:04:42,500 --> 00:04:45,291 rose in the polls, and threatened to overrun him 52 00:04:45,375 --> 00:04:48,709 before he even completed his first year in office. 53 00:04:48,792 --> 00:04:50,875 (speaking Hebrew) 54 00:04:54,917 --> 00:04:57,041 (Rabin speaking Hebrew) 55 00:05:02,083 --> 00:05:04,208 (Parliament member speaking Hebrew) 56 00:05:26,375 --> 00:05:29,083 Pundak: In a desperate attempt to renew the peace talks, 57 00:05:29,166 --> 00:05:32,667 Professor Hirschfeld decided to act outside the law, 58 00:05:32,750 --> 00:05:35,000 and set up a secret back channel 59 00:05:35,083 --> 00:05:37,625 to negotiate with the PLO. 60 00:05:37,709 --> 00:05:40,041 (talking in Hebrew) 61 00:05:40,125 --> 00:05:42,125 "If we get caught," Hirschfeld said, 62 00:05:42,208 --> 00:05:45,000 "we will be charged with treason and espionage, 63 00:05:45,083 --> 00:05:47,417 and probably end up in jail." 64 00:05:48,291 --> 00:05:50,000 "Sounds like a sweet offer," 65 00:05:50,083 --> 00:05:51,959 I winked at Hirschfeld. 66 00:05:53,083 --> 00:05:55,834 Shimon Peres: We were in a very strange situation. 67 00:05:55,917 --> 00:05:57,417 Legally... 68 00:05:58,041 --> 00:06:00,125 the law forbids us 69 00:06:00,208 --> 00:06:02,000 to come into contact 70 00:06:02,083 --> 00:06:04,041 with the Palestinians. 71 00:06:05,250 --> 00:06:07,834 I thought this foolish. 72 00:06:07,917 --> 00:06:10,458 If you don't go to contact the Palestinians, 73 00:06:10,542 --> 00:06:12,875 what are you going to do? 74 00:06:12,959 --> 00:06:15,458 And terror was very painful. 75 00:06:15,542 --> 00:06:19,834 I mean, bombs in cars, in buses, 76 00:06:19,917 --> 00:06:22,625 all over the world! They were very active. 77 00:06:23,750 --> 00:06:26,834 They had quite an organization of terror. 78 00:06:26,917 --> 00:06:29,709 ♪ ♪ 79 00:06:29,792 --> 00:06:31,417 (cars honking) 80 00:06:41,417 --> 00:06:42,917 Abu Ala: The Oslo process, 81 00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:45,875 which I like to call the Accidental Channel, 82 00:06:45,959 --> 00:06:49,917 was neither pre-planned nor pre-programmed. 83 00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:54,083 My own partial involvement began in December '92, 84 00:06:54,166 --> 00:06:56,875 when I was sent by the PLO to Norway, 85 00:06:56,959 --> 00:07:00,041 to meet secretly with two Israeli professors. 86 00:07:01,041 --> 00:07:04,250 On my long flight from Tunisia to Oslo, 87 00:07:04,333 --> 00:07:05,625 I remembered the day 88 00:07:05,709 --> 00:07:08,959 I was forced to flee my home in Abu Dis, 89 00:07:09,041 --> 00:07:12,792 when the PLO was declared illegal. 90 00:07:12,875 --> 00:07:15,750 I left my family and home behind, 91 00:07:15,834 --> 00:07:19,583 under the oppressive occupation of the Israeli Army, 92 00:07:19,667 --> 00:07:23,291 and swore I'd return the day we were liberated. 93 00:07:23,375 --> 00:07:26,041 -(yelling) -(gunfire) 94 00:07:26,125 --> 00:07:27,875 In the past 25 years, 95 00:07:27,959 --> 00:07:31,750 Rabin was known to us as the "Bone Breaker," 96 00:07:31,834 --> 00:07:35,917 the architect of the iron fist policy of repression. 97 00:07:36,000 --> 00:07:39,458 The idea of meeting our occupiers face-to-face 98 00:07:39,542 --> 00:07:41,500 did not appeal to me at all. 99 00:07:42,375 --> 00:07:44,125 But the freedom of Palestine 100 00:07:44,208 --> 00:07:47,375 demanded all of us to take high risks. 101 00:07:50,750 --> 00:07:52,875 (newsman speaking Hebrew) 102 00:08:07,500 --> 00:08:08,959 Pundak: To muddy our tracks, 103 00:08:09,041 --> 00:08:11,250 we informed the university we would take part in 104 00:08:11,333 --> 00:08:14,709 an academic summit held by the Norwegians. 105 00:08:15,542 --> 00:08:17,333 We were supplied with fake pamphlets 106 00:08:17,417 --> 00:08:21,041 and a made-up schedule, which was a complete lie. 107 00:08:21,125 --> 00:08:23,333 The pamphlets never stated that the summit 108 00:08:23,417 --> 00:08:27,000 will consist of only five participants: 109 00:08:27,083 --> 00:08:30,875 two Israelis and three Palestinians from Tunis. 110 00:08:30,959 --> 00:08:33,625 -(jet engine roaring) -(airport chatter) 111 00:08:33,709 --> 00:08:35,792 ♪ ♪ 112 00:08:38,291 --> 00:08:40,500 As we approached the secluded villa, 113 00:08:40,583 --> 00:08:43,000 hidden deep within the Norwegian forest, 114 00:08:43,083 --> 00:08:45,500 a chill ran through my spine. 115 00:08:45,583 --> 00:08:49,625 Negotiating with terrorists was one thing in theory, 116 00:08:49,709 --> 00:08:51,542 but now, I was just hoping 117 00:08:51,625 --> 00:08:53,500 that we didn't make a terrible mistake. 118 00:08:53,583 --> 00:08:55,750 ♪ ♪ 119 00:09:01,125 --> 00:09:02,709 (indistinct conversation) 120 00:09:02,792 --> 00:09:06,000 Our first handshake was rather tense. 121 00:09:06,917 --> 00:09:08,875 I scanned the people in front of me, 122 00:09:08,959 --> 00:09:10,583 and matched their faces to the memos 123 00:09:10,667 --> 00:09:12,709 we had prepared back home. 124 00:09:12,792 --> 00:09:14,041 Abu Ala served as 125 00:09:14,125 --> 00:09:16,500 the Palestinian minister of finance. 126 00:09:16,583 --> 00:09:19,041 Beside him sat Maher El-Kurd, 127 00:09:19,125 --> 00:09:21,417 Arafat's confidant. 128 00:09:21,500 --> 00:09:25,000 The youngest of the group was Hassan Asfour, 129 00:09:25,083 --> 00:09:26,417 a militant communist 130 00:09:26,500 --> 00:09:29,041 who was the most aggressive of the three. 131 00:09:29,125 --> 00:09:31,875 The Palestinians wanted to know who we were, 132 00:09:31,959 --> 00:09:33,583 and who we represented. 133 00:09:33,667 --> 00:09:36,875 But all we could say was that we were two professors 134 00:09:36,959 --> 00:09:39,166 who were here against the law. 135 00:09:40,083 --> 00:09:41,917 Hirschfeld: The morning started bad. 136 00:09:42,792 --> 00:09:44,208 The morning started bad. 137 00:09:44,291 --> 00:09:46,417 Abu Ala said, 138 00:09:46,500 --> 00:09:49,959 "We Palestinians understand how difficult it was 139 00:09:50,041 --> 00:09:52,750 "to live under Nazi occupation in Norway. 140 00:09:52,834 --> 00:09:55,291 "You surely understand how difficult it was 141 00:09:55,375 --> 00:09:59,250 to live, for us to live under Israeli occupation." 142 00:09:59,333 --> 00:10:00,750 And if he would've wanted 143 00:10:00,834 --> 00:10:03,083 to say something more irritating me, 144 00:10:03,166 --> 00:10:05,250 and more getting me up, like, this is-- 145 00:10:05,333 --> 00:10:07,208 There are certain things you're not allowed to do. 146 00:10:07,291 --> 00:10:09,709 If you really think that there's any comparison 147 00:10:09,792 --> 00:10:11,583 between Israelis and Palestinians, 148 00:10:11,667 --> 00:10:12,750 and the Nazis... 149 00:10:12,834 --> 00:10:14,250 if you ever say this again, 150 00:10:14,333 --> 00:10:16,125 I'm going to stand up and move out. 151 00:10:16,208 --> 00:10:17,542 It never came back. 152 00:10:17,625 --> 00:10:19,417 It never came back again, 153 00:10:19,500 --> 00:10:21,458 and I think this was a very... 154 00:10:21,542 --> 00:10:23,875 it was a very unpleasant start, 155 00:10:23,959 --> 00:10:25,875 but it was an important start. 156 00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:29,250 Ala: We knew that all past negotiations 157 00:10:29,333 --> 00:10:30,959 had been fruitless, 158 00:10:31,041 --> 00:10:33,291 and in order to tempt Rabin, 159 00:10:33,375 --> 00:10:36,583 we had to come up with a completely new offer. 160 00:10:36,667 --> 00:10:38,291 (indistinct conversation) 161 00:10:38,375 --> 00:10:40,333 To be perfectly honest, I said, 162 00:10:40,417 --> 00:10:43,583 we are standing on the verge of a new war, 163 00:10:43,667 --> 00:10:46,083 which will harm both sides. 164 00:10:46,166 --> 00:10:49,792 We are serious in reaching an understanding with you 165 00:10:49,875 --> 00:10:53,375 and are open for a historic compromise. 166 00:10:54,333 --> 00:10:55,667 Until now, 167 00:10:55,750 --> 00:10:57,959 we have demanded your immediate withdrawal 168 00:10:58,041 --> 00:11:00,166 from the occupied territories, 169 00:11:00,250 --> 00:11:03,542 but we realize it won't happen overnight. 170 00:11:04,542 --> 00:11:07,000 Arafat wants to bring up the possibility 171 00:11:07,083 --> 00:11:09,291 of withdrawal from the Gaza Strip 172 00:11:09,375 --> 00:11:11,875 as a first step toward peace. 173 00:11:12,750 --> 00:11:14,166 (indistinct conversation) 174 00:11:14,250 --> 00:11:16,458 Pundak: Hirschfeld and I exchanged glances, 175 00:11:16,542 --> 00:11:18,625 although we were trying to conceal them, 176 00:11:18,709 --> 00:11:20,959 we were stunned. 177 00:11:21,041 --> 00:11:23,875 The PLO was considered an extremist group, 178 00:11:23,959 --> 00:11:26,000 and here was Arafat's messenger 179 00:11:26,083 --> 00:11:28,041 with a game-changer solution. 180 00:11:28,875 --> 00:11:33,166 Interviewer: Did you trust the Israelis from the beginning? 181 00:11:33,250 --> 00:11:35,000 It is not easy to say that 182 00:11:35,083 --> 00:11:38,959 when you start talking with your enemy that you trust. 183 00:11:39,041 --> 00:11:41,959 But you-- if you want peace, 184 00:11:42,917 --> 00:11:46,291 you should convince yourself to trust, 185 00:11:46,375 --> 00:11:48,333 and later on, by experience, 186 00:11:48,417 --> 00:11:50,458 you can say that's serious or not. 187 00:11:51,333 --> 00:11:53,542 The guys which we met... 188 00:11:53,625 --> 00:11:55,542 (muttering) 189 00:11:55,625 --> 00:11:57,709 ...Hirschfeld or Pundak, 190 00:11:57,792 --> 00:12:01,208 it seems to me, after more than a meeting, they were serious. 191 00:12:01,291 --> 00:12:03,250 ♪ ♪ 192 00:12:03,333 --> 00:12:04,959 (wind blowing) 193 00:12:07,125 --> 00:12:08,750 Pundak: When the meeting was over, 194 00:12:08,834 --> 00:12:11,750 Hirschfeld and I retreated to our rooms to compose 195 00:12:11,834 --> 00:12:14,667 the first draft of the developing proposal. 196 00:12:15,583 --> 00:12:18,041 We began by nervously typing the words, 197 00:12:18,125 --> 00:12:19,542 "Gaza first," 198 00:12:19,625 --> 00:12:21,208 on a Norwegian letterhead, 199 00:12:21,291 --> 00:12:23,166 so that if it leaked, 200 00:12:23,250 --> 00:12:25,333 Israel could deny its existence. 201 00:12:27,959 --> 00:12:31,291 (Pundak speaking Hebrew) 202 00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:57,750 ♪ ♪ 203 00:12:57,834 --> 00:13:00,750 Now we were left with the most difficult task of all-- 204 00:13:00,834 --> 00:13:04,041 presenting the draft to the decision makers. 205 00:13:07,041 --> 00:13:09,166 (distant bells ringing) 206 00:13:12,792 --> 00:13:14,625 Beilin: The big tension was, 207 00:13:14,709 --> 00:13:17,291 how would Peres take it? 208 00:13:17,375 --> 00:13:20,166 But more than that, how would Rabin take it? 209 00:13:20,250 --> 00:13:22,166 I was almost sure 210 00:13:22,250 --> 00:13:25,458 that once Peres takes it to Rabin, 211 00:13:25,542 --> 00:13:27,667 Rabin will throw him away. 212 00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:32,125 So, I told Peres I sent Yair Hirschfeld and Ron Pundak 213 00:13:32,208 --> 00:13:35,458 to Oslo to meet some PLO people. 214 00:13:35,542 --> 00:13:37,959 And after some meetings, they have this paper, 215 00:13:38,041 --> 00:13:40,458 and I really want you to look at it 216 00:13:40,542 --> 00:13:42,000 and decide what we are doing with it. 217 00:13:42,083 --> 00:13:44,166 So, "Okay, thank you." 218 00:13:45,041 --> 00:13:46,750 Then, next day, I'm asking him, 219 00:13:46,834 --> 00:13:48,291 Shimon, did you read the paper? 220 00:13:48,375 --> 00:13:50,625 He said, "No," and, "Yeah, I saw it." 221 00:13:50,709 --> 00:13:53,375 Another day, did you read the paper? "No, I didn't." 222 00:13:54,208 --> 00:13:55,667 And then he read it. 223 00:13:55,750 --> 00:13:57,542 And then he understood that 224 00:13:57,625 --> 00:14:01,166 he had something explosive in his hands. 225 00:14:01,250 --> 00:14:03,959 No, I didn't take it seriously. 226 00:14:04,041 --> 00:14:05,709 I didn't take it seriously. 227 00:14:05,792 --> 00:14:08,834 The draft wasn't worth, in my eyes, 228 00:14:08,917 --> 00:14:11,375 a penny, a thing. Not at all. 229 00:14:11,458 --> 00:14:14,333 The fact, the important fact was 230 00:14:14,417 --> 00:14:16,083 the discovery of Abu Ala. 231 00:14:16,959 --> 00:14:18,959 A plan without Abu Ala, 232 00:14:19,041 --> 00:14:20,667 you had many plans like it. 233 00:14:20,750 --> 00:14:22,291 Brit Shalom. 234 00:14:22,375 --> 00:14:25,834 Full of-- Take the papers, they are full of plans. 235 00:14:25,917 --> 00:14:28,333 I don't think that there are any region in the world 236 00:14:28,417 --> 00:14:30,000 that has so many plans, 237 00:14:30,083 --> 00:14:32,834 with so little results, in the Middle East. 238 00:14:32,917 --> 00:14:36,000 (crowd shouting) 239 00:14:38,125 --> 00:14:39,750 (crowd chanting) 240 00:14:39,834 --> 00:14:42,542 Pundak: As the wave of terror engulfed the streets, 241 00:14:42,625 --> 00:14:44,208 the protests outside the homes 242 00:14:44,291 --> 00:14:46,792 of Rabin and Peres became routine. 243 00:14:47,834 --> 00:14:49,208 The two leaders were stuck 244 00:14:49,291 --> 00:14:52,083 between a rock and a hard place. 245 00:14:52,166 --> 00:14:54,250 They were losing their war against terror, 246 00:14:54,333 --> 00:14:57,291 and the peace process showed no signs of revival. 247 00:14:58,792 --> 00:15:02,250 Perhaps the Oslo channel was their only way out. 248 00:15:03,125 --> 00:15:04,417 With a heavy heart, 249 00:15:04,500 --> 00:15:07,166 they authorized us to continue the talks, 250 00:15:07,250 --> 00:15:09,417 as long as we exercised every precaution 251 00:15:09,500 --> 00:15:11,250 to keep the news from leaking. 252 00:15:12,250 --> 00:15:15,834 If it became known we were deliberating with the PLO, 253 00:15:15,917 --> 00:15:18,667 it would be their last day in office. 254 00:15:19,709 --> 00:15:21,917 Now that the leaders were involved, 255 00:15:22,000 --> 00:15:24,917 we were no longer in the driver's seat. 256 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:27,208 Peres announced that the Oslo channel 257 00:15:27,291 --> 00:15:29,458 will now be lead by Uri Savir, 258 00:15:29,542 --> 00:15:31,625 the director general of the foreign ministry, 259 00:15:31,709 --> 00:15:33,458 and Joel Singer, 260 00:15:33,542 --> 00:15:35,875 a rigid military lawyer. 261 00:15:35,959 --> 00:15:39,208 ♪ ♪ 262 00:15:39,291 --> 00:15:42,750 Joel Singer: Now, we are bringing a military lawyer. 263 00:15:42,834 --> 00:15:44,917 ♪ Pam-pam-pam-pam-paam! ♪ 264 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:48,041 Former colonel that was dealing 265 00:15:48,125 --> 00:15:50,709 with the law in the West Bank and Gaza, 266 00:15:50,792 --> 00:15:52,542 and I come there 267 00:15:52,625 --> 00:15:54,709 to meet with the PLO, 268 00:15:54,792 --> 00:15:57,083 terrorist, murderers. 269 00:15:57,166 --> 00:15:59,083 So, from my perspective, 270 00:15:59,166 --> 00:16:02,333 it was like a theater. 271 00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:06,792 As I go into the room, 272 00:16:06,875 --> 00:16:09,959 and see Abu Ala the first time, 273 00:16:10,041 --> 00:16:11,750 he comes to me, 274 00:16:11,834 --> 00:16:15,750 and kisses me on both cheeks. 275 00:16:19,333 --> 00:16:22,625 A terrorist is kissing me. 276 00:16:22,709 --> 00:16:26,291 Oh my God, I've been kissed by a terrorist. 277 00:16:26,375 --> 00:16:29,125 And probably, he thought, "I just kissed... 278 00:16:29,208 --> 00:16:31,792 a milita-- a former military--" 279 00:16:31,875 --> 00:16:33,125 I mean... 280 00:16:33,208 --> 00:16:36,250 men don't kiss one another 281 00:16:36,333 --> 00:16:38,333 in the United States 282 00:16:38,417 --> 00:16:39,667 or in Israel. 283 00:16:40,875 --> 00:16:41,792 (laughs) 284 00:16:41,875 --> 00:16:44,125 That was the first time a man 285 00:16:44,208 --> 00:16:45,792 kissed me. 286 00:16:46,917 --> 00:16:49,041 ♪ ♪ 287 00:16:50,542 --> 00:16:52,375 Savir: Before the first round of talks, 288 00:16:52,458 --> 00:16:54,125 I decided to get acquainted 289 00:16:54,208 --> 00:16:56,875 with my counter partner, Abu Ala. 290 00:16:57,750 --> 00:17:00,000 "Where are you from," he asked. 291 00:17:00,083 --> 00:17:01,709 Jerusalem, I replied. 292 00:17:01,792 --> 00:17:04,125 "I am also from Jerusalem," he said. 293 00:17:04,208 --> 00:17:05,834 "Where is your father from?" 294 00:17:05,917 --> 00:17:08,041 He was born in Germany. 295 00:17:08,125 --> 00:17:10,000 "My father was born in Jerusalem 296 00:17:10,083 --> 00:17:12,667 and still lives there," he said. 297 00:17:12,750 --> 00:17:15,959 We can go all the way back to King David, I replied, 298 00:17:16,041 --> 00:17:19,000 and didn't try to conceal my anger. 299 00:17:19,083 --> 00:17:22,041 I'm sure we could argue about the past for years 300 00:17:22,125 --> 00:17:24,166 and never reach an agreement. 301 00:17:24,250 --> 00:17:27,417 Let's try and see if we can agree on the future. 302 00:17:28,291 --> 00:17:29,875 "All right," he said, 303 00:17:29,959 --> 00:17:33,375 "And we'll reach our first mutual understanding. 304 00:17:33,458 --> 00:17:36,667 We won't argue about the past ever again." 305 00:17:37,834 --> 00:17:39,500 (Savir speaking Hebrew) 306 00:18:09,542 --> 00:18:11,291 ♪ ♪ 307 00:18:13,667 --> 00:18:15,583 Pundak: Singer started the meeting 308 00:18:15,667 --> 00:18:18,583 by announcing that we had a real concrete proposal 309 00:18:18,667 --> 00:18:20,667 for the signed agreement. 310 00:18:21,500 --> 00:18:25,208 All trace of our optimistic document was erased 311 00:18:25,291 --> 00:18:27,750 and was replaced by Rabin's agenda 312 00:18:27,834 --> 00:18:29,625 that put security and defense 313 00:18:29,709 --> 00:18:32,083 before cooperation and coexistence. 314 00:18:32,166 --> 00:18:34,542 (indistinct conversation) 315 00:18:34,625 --> 00:18:36,417 Rabin had refused to deliberate 316 00:18:36,500 --> 00:18:38,959 on the core issues of the conflicts, 317 00:18:39,041 --> 00:18:42,750 demanding to discuss them at a later stage. 318 00:18:42,834 --> 00:18:44,250 His offer did not include 319 00:18:44,333 --> 00:18:46,750 any mention of uprooting settlements, 320 00:18:46,834 --> 00:18:48,333 dividing Jerusalem, 321 00:18:48,417 --> 00:18:50,959 the return of the Palestinian refugees, 322 00:18:51,041 --> 00:18:53,041 and definitive borders. 323 00:18:54,917 --> 00:18:56,583 As the reading commenced, 324 00:18:56,667 --> 00:18:59,500 the Palestinians' astonishment grew. 325 00:18:59,583 --> 00:19:01,125 After a few minutes, 326 00:19:01,208 --> 00:19:02,917 Abu Ala turned to Asfour 327 00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:04,834 and muttered quietly in Arabic, 328 00:19:04,917 --> 00:19:06,959 "It's a massacre." 329 00:19:07,041 --> 00:19:09,583 ♪ ♪ 330 00:19:13,834 --> 00:19:15,667 Ala: The last round of talks 331 00:19:15,750 --> 00:19:17,959 left me more confused than ever. 332 00:19:18,041 --> 00:19:20,625 Despite Singer's humiliating offer, 333 00:19:20,709 --> 00:19:24,333 it was clear we are now in the major leagues. 334 00:19:25,333 --> 00:19:27,625 It was no longer an initiative 335 00:19:27,709 --> 00:19:30,166 of two peace-loving professors, 336 00:19:30,250 --> 00:19:33,875 but of Rabin and Peres themselves. 337 00:19:33,959 --> 00:19:35,834 All the while, the news painted 338 00:19:35,917 --> 00:19:38,208 an entirely different picture. 339 00:19:38,291 --> 00:19:40,667 Rabin tightened his fist. 340 00:19:40,750 --> 00:19:43,166 Everyday, demonstrators were being killed 341 00:19:43,250 --> 00:19:45,041 throughout Palestine, 342 00:19:45,125 --> 00:19:47,583 some of them, innocent kids. 343 00:19:49,625 --> 00:19:51,625 Who should we believe? 344 00:19:51,709 --> 00:19:54,959 The reality on TV or Uri's promises? 345 00:19:57,375 --> 00:20:00,250 (Rabin speaking Hebrew) 346 00:20:35,166 --> 00:20:37,792 ♪ ♪ 347 00:20:47,333 --> 00:20:49,417 Ala: The next round of talks 348 00:20:49,500 --> 00:20:53,375 had been an epic battle over the text of the agreement. 349 00:20:57,041 --> 00:20:58,709 Both parties, 350 00:20:58,792 --> 00:21:00,458 unwilling to compromise, 351 00:21:00,542 --> 00:21:03,750 appear to be heading for a final showdown. 352 00:21:03,834 --> 00:21:05,500 ♪ ♪ 353 00:21:06,375 --> 00:21:09,125 We all stuck to our guns 354 00:21:09,208 --> 00:21:12,000 as our leaders had instructed us. 355 00:21:17,500 --> 00:21:20,500 I found it hard to remember to eat. 356 00:21:21,333 --> 00:21:22,542 At times, 357 00:21:22,625 --> 00:21:25,291 I had to remember to breathe. 358 00:21:32,542 --> 00:21:34,959 On the 11th round in Oslo, 359 00:21:35,041 --> 00:21:38,625 we arrived with a proposition of our own. 360 00:21:38,709 --> 00:21:40,792 Perhaps Singer and the Israeli delegation 361 00:21:40,875 --> 00:21:43,458 thought we would surrender to their terms, 362 00:21:43,542 --> 00:21:45,291 but that would not be the case. 363 00:21:45,375 --> 00:21:46,458 (indistinct chatter) 364 00:21:46,542 --> 00:21:49,166 Our revised proposition stated, 365 00:21:49,250 --> 00:21:53,625 the end goal will be the UN Resolution 242, 366 00:21:53,709 --> 00:21:55,792 demanding Israel's withdrawal 367 00:21:55,875 --> 00:21:58,000 from the occupied territories. 368 00:22:00,250 --> 00:22:02,625 Savir: The Palestinian proposition enraged me, 369 00:22:02,709 --> 00:22:05,583 and I responded with outright opposition. 370 00:22:05,667 --> 00:22:07,959 We will not acknowledge Resolution 242 371 00:22:08,041 --> 00:22:11,417 because it means retreating to the '67 borders, 372 00:22:11,500 --> 00:22:14,834 and we refuse to discuss borders at this stage. 373 00:22:16,041 --> 00:22:17,709 We started believing the PLO 374 00:22:17,792 --> 00:22:20,333 were our partners in this initiative, 375 00:22:20,417 --> 00:22:22,709 but when we put our cards down, 376 00:22:22,792 --> 00:22:25,709 the PLO always seems to back away 377 00:22:25,792 --> 00:22:27,583 from any clear decision. 378 00:22:28,458 --> 00:22:31,500 Maybe people were right, saying that the Palestinians 379 00:22:31,583 --> 00:22:35,000 never miss an opportunity to miss an opportunity. 380 00:22:35,083 --> 00:22:38,333 Singer: There was a lot of tension. 381 00:22:38,417 --> 00:22:40,500 People walking out of the room, 382 00:22:40,583 --> 00:22:43,208 slamming the doors, 383 00:22:43,291 --> 00:22:45,291 but it was all a game. 384 00:22:45,375 --> 00:22:47,709 You know? We knew that... 385 00:22:48,875 --> 00:22:50,417 that they are... 386 00:22:51,291 --> 00:22:55,625 desperate to reach an agreement. 387 00:22:56,875 --> 00:22:59,959 (chuckles) I just said, let them... 388 00:23:01,500 --> 00:23:04,667 Let it... We need to let it all play out, 389 00:23:04,750 --> 00:23:06,709 and then we'll just say no. 390 00:23:06,792 --> 00:23:08,959 ♪ ♪ 391 00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:20,208 Ala: The Israeli's dismissed our proposition, 392 00:23:20,291 --> 00:23:23,041 refusing to discuss the definitive borders 393 00:23:23,125 --> 00:23:25,041 at this stage. 394 00:23:25,125 --> 00:23:26,500 I said to Uri, 395 00:23:26,583 --> 00:23:29,208 you refuse to recognize our national rights 396 00:23:29,291 --> 00:23:32,875 and insist on retaining all the settlements. 397 00:23:32,959 --> 00:23:35,208 We prefer to wait another 10 years 398 00:23:35,291 --> 00:23:36,875 for a reasonable offer. 399 00:23:36,959 --> 00:23:38,041 (indistinct chatter) 400 00:23:38,125 --> 00:23:39,917 Uri fired back, 401 00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:42,250 "In that case, you will keep waiting 402 00:23:42,333 --> 00:23:44,041 for the Messiah to arrive." 403 00:23:44,959 --> 00:23:46,625 I said to Uri, 404 00:23:46,709 --> 00:23:49,750 we have made every possible effort 405 00:23:49,834 --> 00:23:52,291 to reach a peace agreement with you, 406 00:23:52,375 --> 00:23:54,709 but, unfortunately, 407 00:23:54,792 --> 00:23:57,834 I now find myself unable to go on. 408 00:23:59,125 --> 00:24:02,208 I have decided to resign from the talks. 409 00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:06,417 Savir: The room fell silent. 410 00:24:06,500 --> 00:24:10,750 A dark expression spread across Abu Ala's face, 411 00:24:10,834 --> 00:24:12,208 and he seemed powerless 412 00:24:12,291 --> 00:24:15,333 as he rose to his feet and left the room. 413 00:24:16,208 --> 00:24:18,792 This time, it was really over. 414 00:24:29,500 --> 00:24:31,166 Ala: Within myself, 415 00:24:31,250 --> 00:24:33,542 my feelings were mixed. 416 00:24:34,375 --> 00:24:36,792 For years, we have fought for freedom 417 00:24:36,875 --> 00:24:39,000 on all of Palestine, 418 00:24:39,083 --> 00:24:41,166 but now we were offered peace 419 00:24:41,250 --> 00:24:43,500 with heavy compromises. 420 00:24:44,542 --> 00:24:48,166 The weight on my shoulders had become unbearable. 421 00:24:49,041 --> 00:24:52,667 Will I fail my people by abandoning peace, 422 00:24:52,750 --> 00:24:55,333 or by abandoning the struggle? 423 00:24:57,875 --> 00:25:00,041 (Savir speaking Hebrew) 424 00:25:28,750 --> 00:25:30,875 ♪ ♪ 425 00:25:32,625 --> 00:25:35,709 Ala: Uri asked me how I was feeling. 426 00:25:35,792 --> 00:25:38,667 I didn't hide my emotions. 427 00:25:38,750 --> 00:25:40,792 Both sides are stubborn, 428 00:25:40,875 --> 00:25:44,375 and do not grasp the importance of the moment. 429 00:25:44,458 --> 00:25:48,083 I just cannot continue this negotiation. 430 00:25:48,166 --> 00:25:49,875 Savir: I told Abu Ala, 431 00:25:49,959 --> 00:25:51,875 if you can't cure the illness, 432 00:25:51,959 --> 00:25:54,500 we must find its cause. 433 00:25:54,583 --> 00:25:57,250 Let's put aside the maps and the agreements 434 00:25:57,333 --> 00:26:01,208 and begin with recognizing each other as partners. 435 00:26:01,291 --> 00:26:05,000 The PLO will denounce all terror attacks against Israel, 436 00:26:05,083 --> 00:26:07,417 and we will stop viewing you as terrorists 437 00:26:07,500 --> 00:26:10,959 and allow Arafat to return to his homeland. 438 00:26:12,917 --> 00:26:15,417 Ala: I promised Uri I would present 439 00:26:15,500 --> 00:26:19,959 his mutual recognition proposal to Arafat in Tunis. 440 00:26:21,291 --> 00:26:23,000 Perhaps this round of talks 441 00:26:23,083 --> 00:26:25,917 wasn't a complete failure after all. 442 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:27,709 (indistinct chatter) 443 00:26:27,792 --> 00:26:29,291 Interviewer: I understand that you were born in Abu Dis 444 00:26:29,375 --> 00:26:32,709 and you left this area many years ago. 445 00:26:32,792 --> 00:26:34,542 Do you think, do you dream about 446 00:26:34,625 --> 00:26:37,166 your coming back to your home? 447 00:26:38,000 --> 00:26:40,875 That's my dream in all the period 448 00:26:40,959 --> 00:26:43,583 which I am so far from it, yeah. 449 00:26:43,667 --> 00:26:45,083 -To go back? -Exactly. 450 00:26:45,166 --> 00:26:46,750 And what to do? 451 00:26:46,834 --> 00:26:48,709 To live there as a citizen. 452 00:26:50,500 --> 00:26:52,667 And it's too much for me. 453 00:26:58,875 --> 00:27:01,542 Singer: We were negotiating in Oslo 454 00:27:01,625 --> 00:27:04,083 in complete secrecy. 455 00:27:04,166 --> 00:27:07,458 No one knew about it outside of this 456 00:27:07,542 --> 00:27:10,166 very small group. 457 00:27:10,250 --> 00:27:11,291 And then, 458 00:27:11,375 --> 00:27:13,750 when we were in Oslo, 459 00:27:13,834 --> 00:27:16,125 suddenly, it leaked out. 460 00:27:16,208 --> 00:27:18,792 The story leaked out. 461 00:27:18,875 --> 00:27:21,166 ♪ ♪ 462 00:27:21,250 --> 00:27:24,500 (newsman speaking Hebrew) 463 00:27:52,041 --> 00:27:56,542 (speaking Hebrew) 464 00:28:03,917 --> 00:28:05,709 Beilin: The worst thing that could happen 465 00:28:05,792 --> 00:28:08,500 was the premature exposure of the channel. 466 00:28:08,583 --> 00:28:10,500 Reporters kept calling me, 467 00:28:10,583 --> 00:28:13,208 and I consistently denied everything, 468 00:28:13,291 --> 00:28:16,417 without giving any unnecessary explanations. 469 00:28:17,291 --> 00:28:20,000 But I knew, we couldn't keep up 470 00:28:20,083 --> 00:28:21,792 this charade much longer. 471 00:28:21,875 --> 00:28:23,208 (crowd yelling) 472 00:28:23,291 --> 00:28:25,667 It was only a matter of time until the Likud 473 00:28:25,750 --> 00:28:28,208 used the talks to make Rabin and Peres 474 00:28:28,291 --> 00:28:29,959 seem like traitors, 475 00:28:30,041 --> 00:28:34,709 who were conspiring with the murderous Arafat. 476 00:28:34,792 --> 00:28:37,458 (speaking Hebrew) 477 00:28:47,500 --> 00:28:50,375 Singer: We were trying to beat the clock 478 00:28:50,458 --> 00:28:53,834 by reaching an agreement before 479 00:28:53,917 --> 00:28:56,333 a premature leakage would 480 00:28:56,417 --> 00:28:57,750 stop the Oslo agreement. 481 00:28:57,834 --> 00:28:59,959 ♪ ♪ 482 00:29:02,792 --> 00:29:04,709 Ala: The mutual recognition option 483 00:29:04,792 --> 00:29:07,041 excited the leadership in Tunis, 484 00:29:07,125 --> 00:29:10,000 and I was sent back to Oslo with Arafat's support. 485 00:29:14,542 --> 00:29:16,542 It seemed as if the Israelis 486 00:29:16,625 --> 00:29:20,583 returned with a deep desire to move forward as well. 487 00:29:20,667 --> 00:29:22,792 (chatter, laughter) 488 00:29:22,875 --> 00:29:26,000 (interviewer speaking Hebrew) 489 00:29:33,792 --> 00:29:36,959 (reporter and Pundak speaking Hebrew) 490 00:30:13,542 --> 00:30:16,291 ♪ ♪ 491 00:30:16,375 --> 00:30:19,667 Savir: The next day, we started with a crucial debate. 492 00:30:19,750 --> 00:30:22,750 We zeroed in on the difficult problems first. 493 00:30:22,834 --> 00:30:25,291 Terms move from line to line. 494 00:30:25,375 --> 00:30:28,625 Substitute words replaced problematic ones. 495 00:30:28,709 --> 00:30:30,458 Unnecessary sentences 496 00:30:30,542 --> 00:30:33,625 were tossed into the large draft bin. 497 00:30:33,709 --> 00:30:36,959 Although it was clear that there was only one pathway 498 00:30:37,041 --> 00:30:40,041 that would lead to peace between the two nations, 499 00:30:40,125 --> 00:30:42,875 each side feared the reaction of its people 500 00:30:42,959 --> 00:30:45,291 when they'd be presented with an agreement 501 00:30:45,375 --> 00:30:47,709 that included painful concessions. 502 00:30:47,792 --> 00:30:49,458 (indistinct conversation) 503 00:30:49,542 --> 00:30:51,667 Abu Ala would be considered a traitor 504 00:30:51,750 --> 00:30:54,667 for signing an agreement that abstained discussing 505 00:30:54,750 --> 00:30:57,000 the fate of the settlements. 506 00:30:57,083 --> 00:31:00,625 And I didn't want to know what names we'd be called 507 00:31:00,709 --> 00:31:03,000 when it became known that the Oslo team 508 00:31:03,083 --> 00:31:06,000 had divided up the Holy Land. 509 00:31:06,083 --> 00:31:08,208 ♪ ♪ 510 00:31:08,291 --> 00:31:11,208 Singer: We managed to progressively 511 00:31:11,291 --> 00:31:14,667 narrow down our differences 512 00:31:14,750 --> 00:31:17,500 to five open issues. 513 00:31:18,458 --> 00:31:22,834 And we went back and forth, and back and forth, 514 00:31:22,917 --> 00:31:25,583 and... early in the morning, 515 00:31:25,667 --> 00:31:27,875 4:00 in the morning, 516 00:31:27,959 --> 00:31:29,875 we reached... 517 00:31:29,959 --> 00:31:34,500 full agreement on those five issues. 518 00:31:34,583 --> 00:31:36,333 ♪ ♪ 519 00:31:36,417 --> 00:31:37,917 Pundak: At 5:00 a.m., 520 00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:40,583 the Norwegians' printer delivered the final draft 521 00:31:40,667 --> 00:31:43,083 of the Declaration of Principles for peace 522 00:31:43,166 --> 00:31:45,458 between Israel and the PLO. 523 00:31:46,792 --> 00:31:48,917 It stated that as a first step, 524 00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:51,709 Israel would withdraw from Gaza and Jericho 525 00:31:51,792 --> 00:31:56,166 and grant the Palestinians authority for self-governance. 526 00:31:56,250 --> 00:31:57,542 In the second stage, 527 00:31:57,625 --> 00:31:59,750 which would take place within a year, 528 00:31:59,834 --> 00:32:01,208 the Palestinians' authority 529 00:32:01,291 --> 00:32:04,250 would expand to most of the West Bank. 530 00:32:04,333 --> 00:32:06,083 And within five years, 531 00:32:06,166 --> 00:32:08,458 a permanent peace treaty will be signed, 532 00:32:08,542 --> 00:32:11,250 addressing the core issues of settlements, 533 00:32:11,333 --> 00:32:13,083 Palestinian refugees, 534 00:32:13,166 --> 00:32:16,000 definitive borders, and Jerusalem. 535 00:32:21,000 --> 00:32:23,125 ♪ ♪ 536 00:32:26,625 --> 00:32:29,709 (indistinct conversations) 537 00:32:33,375 --> 00:32:36,375 ♪ ♪ 538 00:32:43,417 --> 00:32:45,542 (Savir speaking Hebrew) 539 00:33:42,417 --> 00:33:44,750 (indistinct conversation) 540 00:34:31,166 --> 00:34:33,291 (applause) 541 00:35:08,166 --> 00:35:10,250 (applause) 542 00:35:10,333 --> 00:35:13,500 (news show theme playing) 543 00:35:19,333 --> 00:35:21,458 Good evening. Israel and the PLO 544 00:35:21,542 --> 00:35:23,875 are not far from a historic embrace tonight. 545 00:35:23,959 --> 00:35:26,750 Singer: I remember there was a TV set 546 00:35:26,834 --> 00:35:29,500 with multiple stations, 547 00:35:29,583 --> 00:35:32,333 Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, 548 00:35:32,417 --> 00:35:34,291 and everyone was talking in 549 00:35:34,375 --> 00:35:37,750 incomprehensible words, you know, foreign languages-- 550 00:35:37,834 --> 00:35:40,250 "Oslo, PLO..." (gibbering) 551 00:35:40,333 --> 00:35:41,500 "Oslo, PLO." 552 00:35:41,583 --> 00:35:44,458 (speaking foreign language) 553 00:35:44,542 --> 00:35:48,625 (reporter speaking Japanese) 554 00:35:48,709 --> 00:35:50,959 And it was all over the world, 555 00:35:51,041 --> 00:35:54,667 and that was stunning, to suddenly realize that, 556 00:35:54,750 --> 00:35:57,792 wow, we caused this. 557 00:35:57,875 --> 00:36:01,792 It-- you know... It's us that they are talking about. 558 00:36:01,875 --> 00:36:05,250 Twenty-nine years after declaring Israel an illegal state, 559 00:36:05,333 --> 00:36:07,583 the Palestine Liberation Organization has decided 560 00:36:07,667 --> 00:36:10,667 to recognize Israel's right to exist peacefully. 561 00:36:10,750 --> 00:36:12,125 And after decades of calling 562 00:36:12,208 --> 00:36:14,333 the PLO a terrorist organization, 563 00:36:14,417 --> 00:36:16,959 Israel finally recognizes the PLO 564 00:36:17,041 --> 00:36:18,667 as the legitimate representative 565 00:36:18,750 --> 00:36:20,500 of the Palestinian people. 566 00:36:20,583 --> 00:36:22,667 Given the history of the Palestinians and the Israelis, 567 00:36:22,750 --> 00:36:25,375 which has involved so much of the rest of the world, 568 00:36:25,458 --> 00:36:27,542 it is, in a word, staggering. 569 00:36:27,625 --> 00:36:29,834 ♪ ♪ 570 00:36:29,917 --> 00:36:31,667 Newsman: The last-minute negotiations 571 00:36:31,750 --> 00:36:34,834 went on for a day and a half, nonstop. 572 00:36:34,917 --> 00:36:37,667 But when the haggard Norwegian mediator arrived in Tunis, 573 00:36:37,750 --> 00:36:39,125 he said he had the historic 574 00:36:39,208 --> 00:36:41,667 documents of recognition in his bag. 575 00:36:41,750 --> 00:36:44,000 The success wasn't his doing, he said modestly, 576 00:36:44,083 --> 00:36:46,166 but belonged to Israeli Prime Minister Rabin 577 00:36:46,250 --> 00:36:48,333 and PLO Chairman Arafat. 578 00:36:48,417 --> 00:36:51,166 In the one-page letter from Arafat to Rabin, 579 00:36:51,250 --> 00:36:53,750 "the PLO recognizes the right of the State of Israel 580 00:36:53,834 --> 00:36:56,000 to exist in peace and security." 581 00:36:56,083 --> 00:36:57,542 In his return letter to Arafat, 582 00:36:57,625 --> 00:37:00,000 Rabin says that in view of those commitments, 583 00:37:00,083 --> 00:37:02,500 the government of Israel has decided to recognize 584 00:37:02,583 --> 00:37:06,208 "the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people." 585 00:37:06,291 --> 00:37:08,417 ♪ ♪ 586 00:37:31,083 --> 00:37:32,542 Mm-hmm. 587 00:37:32,625 --> 00:37:35,000 (crowd shouting, chanting) 588 00:37:41,166 --> 00:37:43,250 I want to tell you 589 00:37:43,333 --> 00:37:45,291 that this is a day 590 00:37:45,375 --> 00:37:47,917 I never expected to see. 591 00:37:48,000 --> 00:37:50,917 That our government would recognize 592 00:37:51,000 --> 00:37:54,500 a terrorist, murderous organization. 593 00:37:55,834 --> 00:37:57,041 Newsman: In the Middle East today, 594 00:37:57,125 --> 00:37:59,250 Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin 595 00:37:59,333 --> 00:38:00,625 will fly to Washington 596 00:38:00,709 --> 00:38:02,959 for the signing ceremony of the Oslo Agreement 597 00:38:03,041 --> 00:38:05,417 between Israel and the Palestinians. 598 00:38:05,500 --> 00:38:08,375 Yasser Arafat will arrive from Tunis for the signing, 599 00:38:08,458 --> 00:38:10,750 which will be his first visit to America 600 00:38:10,834 --> 00:38:13,417 since the PLO were denied entrance to the US. 601 00:38:13,500 --> 00:38:15,625 Right-wing opponents are calling 602 00:38:15,709 --> 00:38:17,625 the signing of the treaty treason, 603 00:38:17,709 --> 00:38:20,166 while Arab opposition is calling Arafat 604 00:38:20,250 --> 00:38:22,500 a traitor to the Palestinian cause, 605 00:38:22,583 --> 00:38:24,959 and threats have been made on his life. 606 00:38:25,041 --> 00:38:26,709 ♪ ♪ 607 00:38:28,542 --> 00:38:29,917 (applause) 608 00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:32,792 Daniel Kurtzer: From the perspective of an American diplomat, 609 00:38:32,875 --> 00:38:35,458 these were the best days of, of my life 610 00:38:35,542 --> 00:38:38,625 because there was something actually being consummated. 611 00:38:38,709 --> 00:38:41,417 An agreement was actually about to be signed, 612 00:38:41,500 --> 00:38:45,250 so sure, there were last-minute difficulties. 613 00:38:45,333 --> 00:38:47,667 Would Arafat come with his uniform on? 614 00:38:47,750 --> 00:38:50,333 Would he have a gun in his holster? 615 00:38:50,417 --> 00:38:53,500 How do you avoid kissing Arafat when he shakes your hand? 616 00:38:53,583 --> 00:38:56,000 I mean, the lesson that we gave to Warren Christopher, 617 00:38:56,083 --> 00:39:00,500 which is you take the person by the hand, 618 00:39:00,583 --> 00:39:03,834 and with your other hand, you hold his elbow. 619 00:39:03,917 --> 00:39:07,834 And, in effect, that becomes your distance, 620 00:39:07,917 --> 00:39:09,875 where if he starts to come forward at you, 621 00:39:09,959 --> 00:39:12,458 you just, you don't have to push him away. 622 00:39:12,542 --> 00:39:14,667 He's just away already. 623 00:39:14,750 --> 00:39:16,166 (applause) 624 00:39:16,250 --> 00:39:17,834 (camera shutters clicking) 625 00:39:17,917 --> 00:39:19,834 Nabil Shaath: Well, in my last meeting with Clinton, 626 00:39:19,917 --> 00:39:22,500 just before the celebration started, 627 00:39:22,583 --> 00:39:26,667 he took me aside and said he wanted two concessions. 628 00:39:26,750 --> 00:39:30,333 I said, Mr. Clinton, we gave enough concessions. (laughs) 629 00:39:30,417 --> 00:39:32,166 He said, "No, no, no, these are personal." 630 00:39:32,250 --> 00:39:33,500 He said, "Concession one, 631 00:39:33,583 --> 00:39:35,875 "could you prevail on Mr. Arafat 632 00:39:35,959 --> 00:39:38,709 "to come dressed in a French suit 633 00:39:38,792 --> 00:39:41,375 and abandon his military garb?" 634 00:39:41,458 --> 00:39:42,709 I said, 635 00:39:42,792 --> 00:39:46,000 this was part of the way his people view him. 636 00:39:46,083 --> 00:39:48,583 So I said, I'm sorry, I can't give you that concession. 637 00:39:48,667 --> 00:39:51,583 What's the second one? So he said, 638 00:39:51,667 --> 00:39:53,250 "No hugging, no kissing." 639 00:39:53,333 --> 00:39:55,875 (laughing) 640 00:39:55,959 --> 00:39:57,208 And I said, 641 00:39:57,291 --> 00:40:00,166 this a very tough concession, 642 00:40:00,250 --> 00:40:01,709 but for peace, 643 00:40:01,792 --> 00:40:03,709 I'll do it. (laughing) 644 00:40:03,792 --> 00:40:07,125 ♪ ♪ 645 00:40:29,166 --> 00:40:32,250 Newsman: They brought the morning shows to the White House today. 646 00:40:32,333 --> 00:40:35,583 Tucked away at the bottom of the South Lawn were Charlie, 647 00:40:35,667 --> 00:40:37,083 and Paula, 648 00:40:37,166 --> 00:40:38,917 and Bryant, and Kate. 649 00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:42,291 Sure signs that history was about to be made. 650 00:40:42,375 --> 00:40:45,750 The people are rejoicing, celebrating the occasion, 651 00:40:45,834 --> 00:40:48,250 and that they are waving olive branches, 652 00:40:48,333 --> 00:40:50,291 and they are singing, and... 653 00:40:50,375 --> 00:40:52,583 they send us a message of solidarity. 654 00:40:52,667 --> 00:40:55,000 Interviewer: Do you realize what's going on today here? 655 00:40:55,834 --> 00:40:58,250 -What is going on here? -Do you understand the situation? 656 00:40:58,333 --> 00:41:00,458 The Palestinian state is emerging. 657 00:41:00,542 --> 00:41:02,917 ♪ ♪ 658 00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:05,542 (applause) 659 00:41:07,875 --> 00:41:10,750 Presentator: Ladies and gentlemen, Mr. Arafat, 660 00:41:10,834 --> 00:41:12,583 chairman of the executive council 661 00:41:12,667 --> 00:41:15,125 of the Palestine Liberation Organization, 662 00:41:15,208 --> 00:41:17,625 His Excellency Yitzhak Rabin, 663 00:41:17,709 --> 00:41:19,291 prime minister of Israel, 664 00:41:19,375 --> 00:41:21,333 the President of the United States. 665 00:41:21,417 --> 00:41:23,458 (applause) 666 00:41:23,542 --> 00:41:26,458 Peres: Yitzhak didn't want to come to Washington. 667 00:41:26,542 --> 00:41:30,291 He says, "I... don't want to see Arafat." (laughs) 668 00:41:30,375 --> 00:41:31,834 The one that convinced him 669 00:41:31,917 --> 00:41:35,291 to stand up with Arafat was Clinton. 670 00:41:35,375 --> 00:41:38,750 And as you saw in the picture, Clinton holds the two of them, 671 00:41:38,834 --> 00:41:41,000 almost by force. 672 00:41:41,083 --> 00:41:42,917 (applause) 673 00:41:46,125 --> 00:41:50,667 Finally, Yitzhak shook the hands of Arafat. 674 00:41:50,750 --> 00:41:52,625 He turned to me and he says, 675 00:41:52,709 --> 00:41:57,208 "Now, it's you, your time..." (laughs) " to shake his hands." 676 00:41:57,291 --> 00:41:58,792 He went through the hell, 677 00:41:58,875 --> 00:42:00,709 now I have to go through the hell. 678 00:42:00,792 --> 00:42:02,792 It was very difficult for him. 679 00:42:03,959 --> 00:42:06,709 Interviewer: Why do you think it was so difficult for him? 680 00:42:06,792 --> 00:42:08,834 Because he was against the PLO. 681 00:42:08,917 --> 00:42:10,291 Because... 682 00:42:10,375 --> 00:42:12,375 his heart wasn't there. 683 00:42:12,458 --> 00:42:14,667 Because he saw in Arafat 684 00:42:14,750 --> 00:42:16,250 a terrorist. 685 00:42:17,375 --> 00:42:20,959 But, you know, I cannot change the past of anybody. 686 00:42:21,041 --> 00:42:22,041 Finally, Yitzhak said it. 687 00:42:22,125 --> 00:42:24,667 You make peace with your enemies, 688 00:42:24,750 --> 00:42:26,625 not with your friends. 689 00:42:27,250 --> 00:42:31,000 To everything, there is a season 690 00:42:31,083 --> 00:42:32,500 and a time, 691 00:42:32,583 --> 00:42:36,583 to every purpose under heaven. 692 00:42:36,667 --> 00:42:39,041 A time to be born, 693 00:42:39,125 --> 00:42:41,333 and a time to die. 694 00:42:41,417 --> 00:42:43,542 A time to kill, 695 00:42:43,625 --> 00:42:45,709 and a time to heal. 696 00:42:45,792 --> 00:42:47,875 A time to weep, 697 00:42:47,959 --> 00:42:50,208 and a time to laugh. 698 00:42:50,291 --> 00:42:52,375 A time to love, 699 00:42:52,458 --> 00:42:54,875 and a time to hate. 700 00:42:54,959 --> 00:42:57,542 A time of war, 701 00:42:57,625 --> 00:43:00,250 and a time of peace. 702 00:43:00,333 --> 00:43:02,250 Ladies and gentlemen, 703 00:43:02,333 --> 00:43:06,250 the time for peace has come. 704 00:43:06,333 --> 00:43:09,208 (applause) 705 00:43:12,041 --> 00:43:14,542 ♪ ♪ 706 00:43:14,625 --> 00:43:17,208 (cheering) 707 00:43:19,375 --> 00:43:22,166 (cheering) 708 00:43:31,667 --> 00:43:34,667 (cheering) 709 00:43:37,291 --> 00:43:39,375 (cars honking) 710 00:43:39,458 --> 00:43:41,250 Interviewer: Do you feel proud? 711 00:43:41,333 --> 00:43:44,041 I feel proud, but I'm afraid. 712 00:43:44,125 --> 00:43:45,083 Of what? 713 00:43:45,166 --> 00:43:47,333 Of the failure. 714 00:43:48,250 --> 00:43:50,500 -Why? -Therefore... 715 00:43:50,583 --> 00:43:53,166 Because we are still in the beginning, in the start. 716 00:43:53,250 --> 00:43:54,625 But you are so optimistic. 717 00:43:54,709 --> 00:43:57,166 I should be. I should be, but... 718 00:43:57,250 --> 00:43:59,083 at the same time, also in my side, 719 00:43:59,166 --> 00:44:01,583 I... feel afraid. 720 00:44:01,667 --> 00:44:05,500 Because both of us should work very, very, very hard, 721 00:44:05,583 --> 00:44:09,333 and we should trust each other more, and more, and more. 722 00:44:09,417 --> 00:44:12,500 Without a trust, we cannot continue. 723 00:44:12,583 --> 00:44:15,041 (indistinct chatter) 724 00:44:17,709 --> 00:44:19,083 Savir: After the ceremony, 725 00:44:19,166 --> 00:44:21,792 when the crowd started to disperse, 726 00:44:21,875 --> 00:44:25,625 I spotted Abu Ala with a group of Palestinian officials. 727 00:44:25,709 --> 00:44:27,458 I walked towards him, 728 00:44:27,542 --> 00:44:30,000 and he shot me an embarrassed look. 729 00:44:30,083 --> 00:44:31,917 (indistinct chatter) 730 00:44:33,291 --> 00:44:36,709 We were no longer protected by the intimacy of Oslo, 731 00:44:36,792 --> 00:44:38,500 but trapped in plain sight 732 00:44:38,583 --> 00:44:41,500 and suddenly feeling alienated. 733 00:44:41,583 --> 00:44:44,458 At that moment, we turned from secret partners 734 00:44:44,542 --> 00:44:46,917 to members of opposing teams. 735 00:44:48,208 --> 00:44:51,333 Newsman: When you shook hands with Mr. Rabin, 736 00:44:51,417 --> 00:44:54,166 it looked like it was your idea, not his. 737 00:44:54,250 --> 00:44:58,000 He... he hesitated a little bit, 738 00:44:58,083 --> 00:45:01,333 but I insisted, 739 00:45:01,417 --> 00:45:05,041 and I continued stretching my hand to him. 740 00:45:05,125 --> 00:45:06,875 Now, looking at the longer term, 741 00:45:06,959 --> 00:45:09,834 do you recognize that if Mr. Rabin has his way, 742 00:45:09,917 --> 00:45:11,667 Jerusalem, as he puts it, 743 00:45:11,750 --> 00:45:14,917 will never be the capital of a Palestinian state. 744 00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:18,166 Do you recognize that? Do you accept that? 745 00:45:18,250 --> 00:45:21,250 He said Jerusalem, not unified Jerusalem. 746 00:45:24,125 --> 00:45:25,583 Yes? 747 00:45:25,667 --> 00:45:27,709 -He said Jerusalem. -Yes. 748 00:45:27,792 --> 00:45:29,875 He's a politician. He know... 749 00:45:29,959 --> 00:45:32,166 He knows exactly what he is saying. 750 00:45:33,917 --> 00:45:36,250 The Israelis will never pull back from Jerusalem. 751 00:45:37,125 --> 00:45:38,542 They never will, will they? 752 00:45:38,625 --> 00:45:39,917 Do you believe they ever will? 753 00:45:40,000 --> 00:45:43,291 Yeah, I think if there is a will, there is a way. 754 00:45:45,250 --> 00:45:47,542 But there isn't a will on their side! 755 00:45:47,625 --> 00:45:48,959 Who knows? 756 00:45:49,959 --> 00:45:51,291 Who knows? 757 00:45:52,333 --> 00:45:54,208 Some weeks ago, 758 00:45:54,291 --> 00:45:57,625 nobody was imagining that we'll find that solution, 759 00:45:57,709 --> 00:45:59,333 and this agreement. 760 00:46:00,333 --> 00:46:01,625 Not to forget 761 00:46:01,709 --> 00:46:04,917 that Berlin Wall had fallen. 762 00:46:05,000 --> 00:46:07,125 ♪ ♪ 763 00:46:11,500 --> 00:46:13,875 Newsman: This is IBA Radio from Jerusalem, 764 00:46:13,959 --> 00:46:15,583 and here are the news. 765 00:46:15,667 --> 00:46:19,083 One month after the historic signing in Washington, 766 00:46:19,166 --> 00:46:21,709 Israel and the Palestinians gather once again 767 00:46:21,792 --> 00:46:24,917 for a round of negotiations. This time to implement 768 00:46:25,000 --> 00:46:27,417 the first stage of the Oslo Accord-- 769 00:46:27,500 --> 00:46:30,166 Israel's withdrawal from Gaza and Jericho. 770 00:46:31,291 --> 00:46:33,041 The negotiations will be lead by 771 00:46:33,125 --> 00:46:36,500 Israeli deputy chief of staff, Amnon Shahak, 772 00:46:36,583 --> 00:46:39,625 and on the Palestinian side, Nabil Shaath, 773 00:46:39,709 --> 00:46:41,792 Arafat's chief advisor. 774 00:46:41,875 --> 00:46:43,333 (camera shutters clicking) 775 00:46:43,417 --> 00:46:45,917 Newswoman: How significant is this? How important? 776 00:46:46,000 --> 00:46:48,083 This is the implementation of the agreement. 777 00:46:48,166 --> 00:46:50,333 This is the most important part of our agreement. 778 00:46:50,417 --> 00:46:51,625 Newswoman 2: But how important is it 779 00:46:51,709 --> 00:46:54,125 to the succession of the whole process? 780 00:46:54,208 --> 00:46:55,959 If we succeed, 781 00:46:56,041 --> 00:46:58,208 the whole thing will succeed. And we will succeed. 782 00:47:00,583 --> 00:47:03,583 Shaath: My first meeting with General Amnon Shahak 783 00:47:03,667 --> 00:47:05,583 was quite pleasant, in fact. 784 00:47:05,667 --> 00:47:08,625 The man, very modestly, came to me and said, 785 00:47:08,709 --> 00:47:12,083 "Dr. Shaath, here is my speech. 786 00:47:12,166 --> 00:47:14,750 "And you know, I have never given speeches before, 787 00:47:14,834 --> 00:47:17,125 "I am a straight military man. 788 00:47:17,208 --> 00:47:20,166 So, why don't you look into that speech?" 789 00:47:20,250 --> 00:47:23,000 And I felt that this was really, very modest 790 00:47:23,083 --> 00:47:26,333 and very positive starting point. 791 00:47:26,417 --> 00:47:29,000 But between that first meeting 792 00:47:29,083 --> 00:47:31,375 and the second meeting, which came out 793 00:47:31,458 --> 00:47:34,375 after the weekend and so on, four, five days later, 794 00:47:34,458 --> 00:47:36,792 I went through 795 00:47:36,875 --> 00:47:39,000 Google and other sources 796 00:47:39,083 --> 00:47:42,166 to find out about General Amnon Lipkin-Shahak. 797 00:47:42,250 --> 00:47:44,125 (helicopter whirring) 798 00:47:45,959 --> 00:47:47,625 (explosion) 799 00:47:47,709 --> 00:47:51,125 Shaath: And I found he was part of the raiding party 800 00:47:51,208 --> 00:47:55,542 that killed three of my dearest friends in Beirut. 801 00:47:58,000 --> 00:47:59,542 And I thought about it, and I said, 802 00:47:59,625 --> 00:48:01,583 I'm sorry, I cannot... 803 00:48:01,667 --> 00:48:04,834 get myself to negotiate with you. I mean... 804 00:48:04,917 --> 00:48:07,542 it's very difficult. These were very close friends of mine. 805 00:48:07,625 --> 00:48:09,333 They're brothers, and... 806 00:48:09,417 --> 00:48:10,583 I don't know, 807 00:48:10,667 --> 00:48:12,750 I don't feel like it's fair 808 00:48:12,834 --> 00:48:14,750 to negotiate with you. 809 00:48:14,834 --> 00:48:17,333 So, Amnon Shahak said, 810 00:48:17,417 --> 00:48:19,500 "But, Nabil... 811 00:48:19,583 --> 00:48:23,041 we are here so that we'll never repeat that." 812 00:48:23,125 --> 00:48:25,041 ♪ ♪ 813 00:48:25,125 --> 00:48:27,291 (reporters chattering) 814 00:48:31,625 --> 00:48:33,083 Ala: On February 19th, 815 00:48:33,166 --> 00:48:35,417 Nabil Shaath and General Shahak 816 00:48:35,500 --> 00:48:37,375 presented us with the first draft 817 00:48:37,458 --> 00:48:39,417 of the Gaza-Jericho agreement. 818 00:48:39,500 --> 00:48:41,417 (chattering) 819 00:48:41,500 --> 00:48:44,208 The draft was clearly pro-Israeli, 820 00:48:44,291 --> 00:48:45,583 but promised us rewards 821 00:48:45,667 --> 00:48:48,542 we didn't dream of just a year ago. 822 00:48:48,625 --> 00:48:50,375 Such as passports, 823 00:48:50,458 --> 00:48:52,750 an international airport in Jericho, 824 00:48:52,834 --> 00:48:54,625 and for the first time in history, 825 00:48:54,709 --> 00:48:57,542 democratic Palestinian elections. 826 00:48:57,625 --> 00:48:59,750 We were on the right path, 827 00:48:59,834 --> 00:49:01,750 but our utopian bubble 828 00:49:01,834 --> 00:49:03,375 was destined to shatter violently. 829 00:49:03,458 --> 00:49:05,333 (news theme song playing) 830 00:49:08,959 --> 00:49:10,875 (speaking Hebrew) 831 00:49:17,041 --> 00:49:19,166 ♪ ♪ 832 00:49:20,458 --> 00:49:22,792 Savir: At 5:00 a.m. on Friday, 833 00:49:22,875 --> 00:49:24,333 February 25th, 834 00:49:24,417 --> 00:49:27,166 Dr. Baruch Goldstein, a religious settler, 835 00:49:27,250 --> 00:49:29,625 dressed in his army uniform, 836 00:49:29,709 --> 00:49:31,792 grabbed an Uzi submachine gun 837 00:49:31,875 --> 00:49:34,625 and opened fire on the people in prayer 838 00:49:34,709 --> 00:49:36,625 at the Cave of the Patriarchs. 839 00:49:36,709 --> 00:49:38,917 (siren blaring) 840 00:49:39,000 --> 00:49:40,959 (screaming, crying) 841 00:49:41,041 --> 00:49:44,625 Thirty-one people were murdered during the massacre, 842 00:49:44,709 --> 00:49:47,291 that ended only when Goldstein himself was killed. 843 00:49:47,375 --> 00:49:49,709 (crying, yelling) 844 00:49:51,667 --> 00:49:53,834 (yelling) 845 00:49:53,917 --> 00:49:55,667 The news spread quickly, 846 00:49:55,750 --> 00:49:57,500 and violent riots broke out 847 00:49:57,583 --> 00:50:00,542 across the entire occupied territories. 848 00:50:01,375 --> 00:50:04,500 Israeli soldiers opened fire on the protesters, 849 00:50:04,583 --> 00:50:06,333 killing nine Palestinians, 850 00:50:06,417 --> 00:50:08,500 and injuring hundreds more. 851 00:50:08,583 --> 00:50:10,667 ♪ ♪ 852 00:50:10,750 --> 00:50:12,583 (man speaking Hebrew) 853 00:50:17,250 --> 00:50:18,875 Goldstein quickly established 854 00:50:18,959 --> 00:50:21,500 a fan base among the settlers, 855 00:50:21,583 --> 00:50:24,041 hundreds attended his funeral, 856 00:50:24,125 --> 00:50:28,250 and many of them praised him as a hero and a saint. 857 00:50:29,583 --> 00:50:33,250 We urged Rabin to clear out the Hebron settlers. 858 00:50:34,125 --> 00:50:35,834 It would be a brave move 859 00:50:35,917 --> 00:50:38,458 that could restore the Palestinians' trust 860 00:50:38,542 --> 00:50:40,500 in the peace process. 861 00:50:40,583 --> 00:50:42,625 But the army generals claimed 862 00:50:42,709 --> 00:50:45,041 that vacating the settlers from Hebron 863 00:50:45,125 --> 00:50:47,333 could cause a civil war. 864 00:50:48,250 --> 00:50:50,583 Rarely have I seen Peres so determined 865 00:50:50,667 --> 00:50:53,792 to reach a decision that opposes the military. 866 00:50:55,250 --> 00:50:57,333 (speaking Hebrew) 867 00:51:24,125 --> 00:51:25,834 (Knesset member speaking Hebrew) 868 00:52:03,041 --> 00:52:04,667 (Knesset member yelling) 869 00:52:08,834 --> 00:52:11,166 (Knesset member yelling) 870 00:52:16,083 --> 00:52:18,500 (yelling continues) 871 00:52:54,583 --> 00:52:57,375 Beilin: We were sure that as a result of the debate, 872 00:52:57,458 --> 00:53:01,000 the Jewish Israeli residents of Hebron 873 00:53:01,083 --> 00:53:03,583 will be taken away from this place. 874 00:53:06,750 --> 00:53:10,000 And I waited at home-- I mean, it was Friday. 875 00:53:10,083 --> 00:53:12,000 I waited at home 876 00:53:12,083 --> 00:53:15,000 for another hour, another hour to hear the news, 877 00:53:15,083 --> 00:53:17,458 and in the news, there was nothing. 878 00:53:19,083 --> 00:53:20,625 And I thought, 879 00:53:20,709 --> 00:53:22,875 what could happen? I mean, maybe it was a secret. 880 00:53:22,959 --> 00:53:25,667 Maybe it happened and nobody... 881 00:53:25,750 --> 00:53:27,583 informed about. 882 00:53:28,458 --> 00:53:30,250 Maybe censorship. 883 00:53:31,417 --> 00:53:33,709 But of course, eventually, 884 00:53:33,792 --> 00:53:36,208 the decision was not to do that. 885 00:53:36,291 --> 00:53:37,709 It was really... 886 00:53:37,792 --> 00:53:40,041 inconceivable. 887 00:53:40,125 --> 00:53:42,500 It was inconceivable. 888 00:53:42,583 --> 00:53:44,542 (indistinct chattering) 889 00:53:44,625 --> 00:53:47,000 ♪ ♪ 890 00:53:48,291 --> 00:53:50,000 Ashrawi: The Palestinians demanded 891 00:53:50,083 --> 00:53:52,125 the settlements be cleared out. 892 00:53:52,959 --> 00:53:56,375 But Israel refused, and instead 893 00:53:56,458 --> 00:53:59,625 put the Arab residents of Hebron under lockdown. 894 00:54:01,333 --> 00:54:04,625 Once again, the victims were being punished. 895 00:54:07,000 --> 00:54:08,375 Saeb Erekat: When Oslo was signed, 896 00:54:08,458 --> 00:54:11,375 82 percent of Palestinians supported us, 897 00:54:11,458 --> 00:54:13,250 supported Oslo, 898 00:54:13,333 --> 00:54:15,041 and they saw hope. 899 00:54:15,125 --> 00:54:16,291 And they gave every chance 900 00:54:16,375 --> 00:54:17,709 to get hope. 901 00:54:17,792 --> 00:54:19,041 And then, 902 00:54:19,125 --> 00:54:20,583 with their eyes, 903 00:54:20,667 --> 00:54:23,583 they continued to see business as usual. 904 00:54:23,667 --> 00:54:25,083 Settlement activities, 905 00:54:25,166 --> 00:54:27,458 incursions, demolition of homes, and so on, 906 00:54:27,542 --> 00:54:29,583 and so on, and so on. Business as usual. 907 00:54:29,667 --> 00:54:31,917 This is the land that's supposed to be a Palestinian state. 908 00:54:32,000 --> 00:54:34,750 Why are they building settlements? 909 00:54:34,834 --> 00:54:36,959 (crowds yelling) 910 00:54:37,041 --> 00:54:40,041 ♪ ♪ 911 00:54:40,125 --> 00:54:42,875 Ashrawi: Our worst nightmare had come true. 912 00:54:42,959 --> 00:54:45,083 Arafat was torn between his people 913 00:54:45,166 --> 00:54:47,959 and the need to appease the Americans and the Israelis. 914 00:54:48,041 --> 00:54:49,375 (yelling) 915 00:54:49,458 --> 00:54:51,625 He is slowly losing his credibility 916 00:54:51,709 --> 00:54:53,667 in the eyes of the Palestinians. 917 00:54:54,500 --> 00:54:56,125 He is losing control. 918 00:54:56,208 --> 00:54:57,917 (gunfire) 919 00:54:58,834 --> 00:55:01,000 Mahmoud al-Zahar: The people now are totally convinced 920 00:55:01,083 --> 00:55:03,458 with the attitude of Hamas 921 00:55:03,542 --> 00:55:05,458 after the massacres. 922 00:55:05,542 --> 00:55:08,667 So, what do you think will happen to Fatah, for example? 923 00:55:08,750 --> 00:55:10,625 They are going to lose 924 00:55:10,709 --> 00:55:13,291 much of the support of the people 925 00:55:13,375 --> 00:55:15,291 who believed in Fatah at the time. 926 00:55:15,375 --> 00:55:16,667 You know that people in Israel 927 00:55:16,750 --> 00:55:20,417 are really terrified of revenge now? 928 00:55:22,083 --> 00:55:23,208 (sighs) 929 00:55:24,083 --> 00:55:26,125 Yes, everybody is angry, actually, 930 00:55:26,208 --> 00:55:28,458 and it is expected for revenge. 931 00:55:28,542 --> 00:55:29,834 (sirens blaring) 932 00:55:29,917 --> 00:55:32,375 (indistinct yelling) 933 00:55:33,709 --> 00:55:34,709 (screaming) 934 00:55:37,291 --> 00:55:40,291 (sirens blaring) 935 00:55:40,375 --> 00:55:42,458 (indistinct yelling) 936 00:55:46,709 --> 00:55:48,250 (screaming) 937 00:55:51,750 --> 00:55:53,667 Beilin: The Palestinian attacks 938 00:55:53,750 --> 00:55:56,458 began 40 days 939 00:55:56,542 --> 00:55:58,667 after the massacre in Hebron. 940 00:55:58,750 --> 00:56:01,667 Exactly the 40 days of mourning. 941 00:56:01,750 --> 00:56:05,041 It was Afula and Hedera, 942 00:56:05,125 --> 00:56:07,458 and you see blood 943 00:56:07,542 --> 00:56:09,375 on the streets, and people are saying, 944 00:56:09,458 --> 00:56:12,125 "This is the peace you promised us." 945 00:56:12,208 --> 00:56:13,834 And you could not say, 946 00:56:13,917 --> 00:56:16,875 don't forget! It was only a DOP! 947 00:56:16,959 --> 00:56:19,834 What is DOP? What it, what? 948 00:56:19,917 --> 00:56:21,583 Wasn't there a ceremony 949 00:56:21,667 --> 00:56:25,333 with Arafat, and Rabin, and Clinton? 950 00:56:25,417 --> 00:56:27,583 Wasn't it peace? 951 00:56:27,667 --> 00:56:29,792 ♪ ♪ 952 00:56:33,792 --> 00:56:35,250 Ala: On March '94, 953 00:56:35,333 --> 00:56:38,000 we headed back to the negotiating table. 954 00:56:38,917 --> 00:56:41,208 Since the wave of suicide bombings, 955 00:56:41,291 --> 00:56:46,000 Israel has put two and a half million Palestinians under closure. 956 00:56:47,125 --> 00:56:50,333 Poverty was rising throughout the occupied territories, 957 00:56:50,417 --> 00:56:53,375 and living conditions declining. 958 00:56:53,458 --> 00:56:55,542 Our people were losing faith 959 00:56:55,625 --> 00:56:57,667 in the peace process, 960 00:56:57,750 --> 00:57:00,750 but I knew we must not give up. 961 00:57:02,000 --> 00:57:04,500 (speaking Hebrew) 962 00:57:08,500 --> 00:57:12,125 (continuing indistinctly) 963 00:57:28,542 --> 00:57:30,917 Savir: Despite the blood and the violence, 964 00:57:31,000 --> 00:57:34,041 the process had a force of its own. 965 00:57:34,125 --> 00:57:35,542 And on May '94, 966 00:57:35,625 --> 00:57:38,291 we set out to sign the Gaza-Jericho agreement, 967 00:57:38,375 --> 00:57:42,375 granting the Palestinians self-rule in Gaza. 968 00:57:44,375 --> 00:57:45,917 ♪ ♪ 969 00:57:46,000 --> 00:57:47,458 Newsman: After eight months of talks, 970 00:57:47,542 --> 00:57:49,583 the stage was finally set. 971 00:57:49,667 --> 00:57:51,000 Egypt President Mubarak 972 00:57:51,083 --> 00:57:52,959 provided a suitably dramatic setting 973 00:57:53,041 --> 00:57:55,458 for the ceremony in Cairo. 974 00:57:55,542 --> 00:57:57,834 ♪ ♪ 975 00:57:57,917 --> 00:57:59,333 Ashrawi: The morning of the signing of 976 00:57:59,417 --> 00:58:01,458 the Gaza-Jericho agreement, 977 00:58:01,542 --> 00:58:04,792 Faisal and I were being interviewed in Jerusalem, 978 00:58:04,875 --> 00:58:07,709 while watching a live broadcast of the ceremony. 979 00:58:08,583 --> 00:58:10,291 On my way to the interview, 980 00:58:10,375 --> 00:58:14,625 I was held up by the Israeli soldiers at the checkpoints. 981 00:58:14,709 --> 00:58:17,750 Someone said to me, "This is your idea of peace? 982 00:58:17,834 --> 00:58:20,625 "Tell the old man not to sign. Tell him to come wait 983 00:58:20,709 --> 00:58:22,625 "at the checkpoint and sign it here, 984 00:58:22,709 --> 00:58:24,625 along with the rest of us." 985 00:58:25,625 --> 00:58:27,583 I stared at the screen in wonder. 986 00:58:28,417 --> 00:58:29,875 Is this a celebration of 987 00:58:29,959 --> 00:58:32,458 the birth of the peace process, 988 00:58:32,542 --> 00:58:34,125 or its burial? 989 00:58:35,041 --> 00:58:36,166 (applause) 990 00:58:36,250 --> 00:58:37,875 Newsman: Both sides appear to have 991 00:58:37,959 --> 00:58:40,834 sorted out differences over the Gaza Strip and Jericho, 992 00:58:40,917 --> 00:58:43,500 but within minutes, it was clear that the deal, 993 00:58:43,583 --> 00:58:45,166 like the stage positions, 994 00:58:45,250 --> 00:58:46,875 was not going to plan. 995 00:58:46,959 --> 00:58:48,667 Announcer: Ladies and gentlemen, 996 00:58:48,750 --> 00:58:52,834 the signing of the Gaza-Jericho self-rule agreement. 997 00:58:52,917 --> 00:58:57,500 Singer: I'm sitting there, and I see Arafat signing the document, 998 00:58:57,583 --> 00:59:00,959 signing the document, signing the document. 999 00:59:01,041 --> 00:59:02,667 All the documents, 1000 00:59:02,750 --> 00:59:06,041 and then the guy that assisted him 1001 00:59:06,125 --> 00:59:09,875 brought the maps. He looked at them, opened, 1002 00:59:09,959 --> 00:59:12,041 didn't sign, closed it, 1003 00:59:12,125 --> 00:59:14,709 and went back to stand, 1004 00:59:14,792 --> 00:59:17,291 and Rabin was walking to do the same. 1005 00:59:18,959 --> 00:59:21,166 So, I walk up the stairs, 1006 00:59:22,166 --> 00:59:24,667 and I stand next to Rabin, 1007 00:59:24,750 --> 00:59:27,166 and as he begins to sign, 1008 00:59:27,250 --> 00:59:32,709 I open it, and then I whisper in his ear, 1009 00:59:32,792 --> 00:59:34,083 without show-- 1010 00:59:34,166 --> 00:59:38,083 trying not to show any excitement 1011 00:59:38,166 --> 00:59:42,417 because everything was recorded 1012 00:59:42,500 --> 00:59:44,709 and filmed. And I told him, 1013 00:59:44,792 --> 00:59:49,125 Arafat did not sign the maps. 1014 00:59:50,000 --> 00:59:52,917 So he says, "So, what does it mean?" 1015 00:59:53,000 --> 00:59:56,583 I responded, it means that there is no agreement. 1016 00:59:56,667 --> 00:59:59,542 Newsman: Israel's prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin, 1017 00:59:59,625 --> 01:00:02,083 examines the documents, 1018 01:00:02,166 --> 01:00:05,250 called over Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, 1019 01:00:05,333 --> 01:00:07,542 and also refused to sign. 1020 01:00:07,625 --> 01:00:09,625 ♪ ♪ 1021 01:00:11,542 --> 01:00:12,959 For a while, it seemed as if 1022 01:00:13,041 --> 01:00:16,625 the entire ceremony was about to collapse. 1023 01:00:16,709 --> 01:00:18,792 ♪ ♪ 1024 01:00:18,875 --> 01:00:22,750 Dennis Ross: Because we had not been a part of that channel, 1025 01:00:22,834 --> 01:00:25,083 we didn't fully appreciate 1026 01:00:25,166 --> 01:00:27,542 what the gaps were between the two sides. 1027 01:00:27,625 --> 01:00:29,792 Israel saw this as a devolution of power 1028 01:00:29,875 --> 01:00:32,166 as the Palestinians prove themselves. 1029 01:00:32,250 --> 01:00:33,625 Palestinians saw this as, 1030 01:00:33,709 --> 01:00:36,458 we have to show this is a new day, 1031 01:00:36,542 --> 01:00:38,125 and as a new day, 1032 01:00:38,208 --> 01:00:41,083 we have to have all the trappings of statehood 1033 01:00:41,166 --> 01:00:43,166 even if we don't have it formally yet. 1034 01:00:43,250 --> 01:00:45,125 So, immediately, they wanted, you know, 1035 01:00:45,208 --> 01:00:47,291 they didn't want controls over crossing points. 1036 01:00:47,375 --> 01:00:50,458 They wanted, they wanted immediately to say, 1037 01:00:50,542 --> 01:00:52,667 you know, the Israelis are out of our lives. 1038 01:00:52,750 --> 01:00:54,834 ♪ ♪ 1039 01:00:54,917 --> 01:00:56,625 Peres: What happened with Arafat 1040 01:00:56,709 --> 01:00:58,291 that in all negotiations, 1041 01:00:58,375 --> 01:01:00,667 He says, "La, la, la." 1042 01:01:00,750 --> 01:01:02,500 He says, "No, no, no." 1043 01:01:02,583 --> 01:01:06,583 What I did, I was at very good terms with Mubarak. 1044 01:01:06,667 --> 01:01:10,083 They wanted peace seriously. 1045 01:01:10,166 --> 01:01:14,166 So I would go to them and says, again, he said no. 1046 01:01:14,250 --> 01:01:15,792 They would call him up 1047 01:01:15,875 --> 01:01:17,959 and said, stop it. 1048 01:01:18,041 --> 01:01:20,667 Mubarak said it publicly while he was on the stage, 1049 01:01:20,750 --> 01:01:23,625 he called him ibn kalb , 1050 01:01:23,709 --> 01:01:25,333 the son of a bitch. 1051 01:01:25,417 --> 01:01:27,166 (murmuring) 1052 01:01:27,250 --> 01:01:29,834 Newsman: After a brief interval, the PLO leader was assured 1053 01:01:29,917 --> 01:01:31,667 that the size of the Jericho region 1054 01:01:31,750 --> 01:01:34,000 was still under negotiation. 1055 01:01:34,083 --> 01:01:36,750 He signed the document and added a few comments. 1056 01:01:37,625 --> 01:01:40,959 Finally, with the briefest of handshakes, a deal was done, 1057 01:01:41,041 --> 01:01:42,667 at the very last minute. 1058 01:01:42,750 --> 01:01:45,709 (applause) 1059 01:01:45,792 --> 01:01:47,875 ♪ ♪ 1060 01:01:49,709 --> 01:01:51,125 (helicopters whirring) 1061 01:01:51,208 --> 01:01:53,166 (crowds yelling) 1062 01:01:57,625 --> 01:02:00,709 Ashrawi: On July 1st, 1994, 1063 01:02:00,792 --> 01:02:03,625 Yasser Arafat returned to his home, 1064 01:02:04,458 --> 01:02:08,125 and reclaimed his position as the Palestinian leader. 1065 01:02:10,083 --> 01:02:12,417 It was an ambivalent return. 1066 01:02:13,792 --> 01:02:16,834 He came back and had to govern Palestine, 1067 01:02:16,917 --> 01:02:19,750 which was divided and driven apart. 1068 01:02:21,125 --> 01:02:24,792 Or perhaps Israel brought him back in order to control him. 1069 01:02:26,083 --> 01:02:28,250 What was the price we had to pay 1070 01:02:28,333 --> 01:02:30,709 for his return home? 1071 01:02:30,792 --> 01:02:33,709 Was this one of Oslo's minefields? 1072 01:02:33,792 --> 01:02:36,583 Or was it the first step toward peace 1073 01:02:36,667 --> 01:02:39,250 and the liberation of Palestine? 1074 01:02:39,333 --> 01:02:41,458 ♪ ♪ 1075 01:02:45,542 --> 01:02:48,625 Ala: As we made our way to Palestine, 1076 01:02:48,709 --> 01:02:50,417 my heart pounded, 1077 01:02:50,500 --> 01:02:54,125 and I was choked with the emotion of the moment. 1078 01:02:56,500 --> 01:03:00,542 I wept as I had never wept before, 1079 01:03:00,625 --> 01:03:04,250 kissing and hugging all my relatives and friends. 1080 01:03:04,333 --> 01:03:06,083 (excited chatter) 1081 01:03:06,166 --> 01:03:08,917 The last time I met my father in Jordan, 1082 01:03:09,000 --> 01:03:12,375 I hinted that I might be coming home soon. 1083 01:03:12,458 --> 01:03:14,792 He cried and raised his hand, 1084 01:03:14,875 --> 01:03:19,041 swearing he will prepare a feast on my return. 1085 01:03:21,375 --> 01:03:23,083 My sadness was 1086 01:03:23,166 --> 01:03:24,917 that my father had passed away 1087 01:03:25,000 --> 01:03:27,000 just four month earlier, 1088 01:03:27,083 --> 01:03:29,166 after waiting to my return 1089 01:03:29,250 --> 01:03:32,041 for so many years. 1090 01:03:33,500 --> 01:03:35,792 Soon, I called Uri. 1091 01:03:35,875 --> 01:03:39,959 I said I am finally back in my childhood home. 1092 01:03:40,041 --> 01:03:42,959 He greeted me with the Arab words of welcome, 1093 01:03:43,041 --> 01:03:44,625 Ahlan wa sahlan, 1094 01:03:44,709 --> 01:03:48,542 and told me he was truly pleased to hear my voice. 1095 01:03:49,542 --> 01:03:52,542 We have become neighbors at last. 1096 01:03:55,208 --> 01:03:57,375 (indistinct chatter) 1097 01:03:59,917 --> 01:04:03,041 Savir: One week after Abu Ala's return to Abu Dis, 1098 01:04:03,125 --> 01:04:06,000 we met once again in Taba. 1099 01:04:06,083 --> 01:04:08,208 This time, in order to negotiate 1100 01:04:08,291 --> 01:04:10,834 the second stage of the Oslo process-- 1101 01:04:10,917 --> 01:04:13,750 Israel's withdrawal from the West Bank. 1102 01:04:14,709 --> 01:04:18,041 I spread out the maps we had kept secret until then. 1103 01:04:18,125 --> 01:04:19,875 ♪ ♪ 1104 01:04:19,959 --> 01:04:21,834 The Oslo Accord stated 1105 01:04:21,917 --> 01:04:25,792 Israel will withdraw from most of the West Bank within a year, 1106 01:04:25,875 --> 01:04:28,125 and the Palestinians were expecting 1107 01:04:28,208 --> 01:04:31,792 to receive control over the land immediately. 1108 01:04:32,792 --> 01:04:36,166 But Israel demanded a gradual withdrawal, 1109 01:04:36,250 --> 01:04:38,125 and offered the Palestinians 1110 01:04:38,208 --> 01:04:42,417 full control on only two percent of the land. 1111 01:04:42,500 --> 01:04:44,667 The remaining 98 percent 1112 01:04:44,750 --> 01:04:47,875 will be controlled by the Israeli Army. 1113 01:04:47,959 --> 01:04:51,500 Arafat stared at the map silently, 1114 01:04:51,583 --> 01:04:55,208 and then announced that it was an unbearable humiliation. 1115 01:04:55,291 --> 01:04:57,542 "These are prison camps," he yelled. 1116 01:04:57,625 --> 01:04:59,583 "You want to destroy me." 1117 01:04:59,667 --> 01:05:02,417 With those words, Arafat left the room. 1118 01:05:03,667 --> 01:05:04,709 (indistinct chatter) 1119 01:05:04,792 --> 01:05:06,083 Ala: What you are suggesting 1120 01:05:06,166 --> 01:05:09,542 deviates from the signed agreement, I shouted. 1121 01:05:09,625 --> 01:05:12,583 You keep 98 percent of the land? 1122 01:05:12,667 --> 01:05:14,291 We won't accept that. 1123 01:05:15,625 --> 01:05:17,875 You can enforce this approach on Arafat 1124 01:05:17,959 --> 01:05:20,208 and push him into a corner, 1125 01:05:20,291 --> 01:05:21,583 but remember this, 1126 01:05:21,667 --> 01:05:24,959 a one-sided agreement will not last. 1127 01:05:26,542 --> 01:05:29,792 Savir: Abu Ala stood up without saying another word, 1128 01:05:29,875 --> 01:05:32,208 and summoned his driver. 1129 01:05:32,291 --> 01:05:35,208 We exchanged a polite and cold handshake, 1130 01:05:35,291 --> 01:05:38,083 and we each went our separate ways. 1131 01:05:38,166 --> 01:05:39,709 (indistinct chatter) 1132 01:05:39,792 --> 01:05:41,875 ♪ ♪ 1133 01:05:45,667 --> 01:05:47,291 As hours went by, 1134 01:05:47,375 --> 01:05:50,625 we waited nervously in the hotel's lobby. 1135 01:05:50,709 --> 01:05:53,709 Some Israeli reporters informed us 1136 01:05:53,792 --> 01:05:55,917 that Arafat had issued a statement 1137 01:05:56,000 --> 01:05:58,417 about the talks collapsing. 1138 01:05:58,500 --> 01:05:59,917 We were all on edge, 1139 01:06:00,000 --> 01:06:02,166 but refused to cave in. 1140 01:06:03,208 --> 01:06:05,333 (speaking Hebrew) 1141 01:06:20,709 --> 01:06:24,041 (playing, singing folk music) 1142 01:06:25,083 --> 01:06:26,417 Savir: Later that evening, 1143 01:06:26,500 --> 01:06:28,667 Arafat's personal assistant 1144 01:06:28,750 --> 01:06:30,959 came rushing towards me. 1145 01:06:31,041 --> 01:06:34,125 "Arafat asks that you come to Abu Ala's room immediately." 1146 01:06:34,208 --> 01:06:36,333 She said, "He's collapsed." 1147 01:06:37,834 --> 01:06:39,792 I rushed to Abu Ala's room, 1148 01:06:39,875 --> 01:06:42,000 and found him lying in bed, 1149 01:06:42,083 --> 01:06:44,917 pale as a ghost, trembling, 1150 01:06:45,041 --> 01:06:47,792 nodding in and out of consciousness. 1151 01:06:47,875 --> 01:06:50,667 ♪ ♪ 1152 01:06:50,750 --> 01:06:52,542 Hold on my friend, 1153 01:06:52,625 --> 01:06:54,125 I whispered. 1154 01:06:54,208 --> 01:06:56,250 I need you to stay with me. 1155 01:06:58,083 --> 01:07:00,625 The doctors found Abu Ala's collapse 1156 01:07:00,709 --> 01:07:03,041 to be a result of extreme fatigue 1157 01:07:03,125 --> 01:07:06,000 caused by the many hours of negotiations. 1158 01:07:06,083 --> 01:07:07,667 (siren blaring) 1159 01:07:07,750 --> 01:07:09,500 But I knew the truth. 1160 01:07:09,583 --> 01:07:12,166 The map I presented to him 1161 01:07:12,250 --> 01:07:14,125 had broken his heart. 1162 01:07:16,250 --> 01:07:18,792 There was something very personal in peace-making. 1163 01:07:18,875 --> 01:07:22,250 It wasn't a political... 1164 01:07:23,125 --> 01:07:25,792 festival. It wasn't a political ambition. 1165 01:07:25,875 --> 01:07:28,542 It was a very human ambition. 1166 01:07:28,625 --> 01:07:31,333 ♪ ♪ 1167 01:07:31,417 --> 01:07:33,750 There's a symbolic... 1168 01:07:33,834 --> 01:07:36,166 picture, where people 1169 01:07:36,250 --> 01:07:38,875 went to Israeli tanks in the streets 1170 01:07:38,959 --> 01:07:41,291 and put olive branches. 1171 01:07:42,417 --> 01:07:45,875 The tanks that destroyed your lives and your homes, 1172 01:07:45,959 --> 01:07:49,083 the army that killed your kids and oppressed you. 1173 01:07:49,166 --> 01:07:50,875 People went out 1174 01:07:50,959 --> 01:07:53,375 and gave them flowers 1175 01:07:53,458 --> 01:07:56,375 and gave them olive branches, 1176 01:07:56,458 --> 01:07:58,834 and felt that this was it. 1177 01:07:58,917 --> 01:08:00,875 This is the end of the conflict. 1178 01:08:00,959 --> 01:08:03,375 This is the end of the occupation. 1179 01:08:03,458 --> 01:08:04,959 ♪ ♪ 1180 01:08:06,458 --> 01:08:09,041 It was a moment of hope... 1181 01:08:11,625 --> 01:08:13,542 a moment of promise. 1182 01:08:15,333 --> 01:08:19,083 But people's hopes were dashed 1183 01:08:19,166 --> 01:08:22,208 and it didn't materialize into a reality. 1184 01:08:24,000 --> 01:08:26,375 So, yes, of course, I feel... 1185 01:08:26,458 --> 01:08:28,542 sad and responsible. 1186 01:08:32,959 --> 01:08:35,041 ♪ ♪ 1187 01:08:58,875 --> 01:09:00,667 (Peres speaking Hebrew) 1188 01:09:39,083 --> 01:09:41,458 ♪ ♪ 1189 01:09:43,125 --> 01:09:45,792 Beilin: I had a meeting with Yair and Ron. 1190 01:09:45,875 --> 01:09:48,500 We all felt that the time was running out, 1191 01:09:48,583 --> 01:09:51,250 and that we had to act fast. 1192 01:09:52,083 --> 01:09:54,000 We agreed on deliberations 1193 01:09:54,083 --> 01:09:56,875 that would lead to a permanent agreement, 1194 01:09:56,959 --> 01:09:59,125 utilizing the same framework 1195 01:09:59,208 --> 01:10:00,667 we used in Oslo. 1196 01:10:00,750 --> 01:10:02,875 Quick, discreet talks, 1197 01:10:02,959 --> 01:10:05,041 and no empty slogans. 1198 01:10:06,250 --> 01:10:08,166 Mahmoud Abbas and I deliberated 1199 01:10:08,250 --> 01:10:11,375 over the drafts for almost two years, 1200 01:10:11,458 --> 01:10:13,000 behind the scenes, 1201 01:10:13,083 --> 01:10:16,208 without the racket of the Taba Hotel. 1202 01:10:16,291 --> 01:10:17,875 We touched on the most 1203 01:10:17,959 --> 01:10:21,208 sensitive points of the process, 1204 01:10:21,291 --> 01:10:23,917 for the very first time. 1205 01:10:24,000 --> 01:10:26,000 At least, theoretically, 1206 01:10:26,083 --> 01:10:28,417 we had a document in our hands, 1207 01:10:28,500 --> 01:10:30,875 with a comprehensive solution. 1208 01:10:30,959 --> 01:10:34,333 A withdrawal to the '67 borders, 1209 01:10:34,417 --> 01:10:37,709 the establishment of a Palestinian state, of course, 1210 01:10:37,792 --> 01:10:40,875 keeping the settlement blocks intact, 1211 01:10:40,959 --> 01:10:45,291 and making Jerusalem the capital of both nations. 1212 01:10:46,458 --> 01:10:50,750 My plan was to set up a meeting with Rabin. 1213 01:10:50,834 --> 01:10:53,000 I told him that I would like to meet with him 1214 01:10:53,083 --> 01:10:55,458 about the permanent solution. 1215 01:10:55,542 --> 01:10:58,125 And he said, "As soon as possible," so I told him, 1216 01:10:58,208 --> 01:11:00,709 let's do it when I return from the United States 1217 01:11:00,792 --> 01:11:04,041 on Saturday, November 11th. 1218 01:11:04,125 --> 01:11:08,291 No one could've guessed under what circumstances 1219 01:11:08,375 --> 01:11:10,959 that meeting would take place. 1220 01:11:14,291 --> 01:11:16,375 ♪ ♪ 1221 01:11:19,166 --> 01:11:20,875 Savir: On September 5th, 1222 01:11:20,959 --> 01:11:23,083 we reassembled in Taba. 1223 01:11:23,166 --> 01:11:24,542 I must admit, 1224 01:11:24,625 --> 01:11:26,750 after our last encounter, 1225 01:11:26,834 --> 01:11:29,375 I wasn't looking forward to another round 1226 01:11:29,458 --> 01:11:32,083 of this endless boxing match. 1227 01:11:32,166 --> 01:11:33,750 We were stressed, 1228 01:11:33,834 --> 01:11:35,083 exhausted, 1229 01:11:35,166 --> 01:11:36,458 and most of all, 1230 01:11:36,542 --> 01:11:38,333 fed up. 1231 01:11:38,417 --> 01:11:42,166 It was not long before the negotiation, once again, 1232 01:11:42,250 --> 01:11:45,458 deteriorated to an exchange of accusations. 1233 01:11:45,542 --> 01:11:47,333 (indistinct conversation) 1234 01:11:47,417 --> 01:11:50,959 Kurtzer: It was the nastiest meeting I've ever been in my life. 1235 01:11:51,041 --> 01:11:53,959 We just wanted to be anywhere but in that room. 1236 01:11:54,041 --> 01:11:56,792 As I was leaving the room, I turned around, 1237 01:11:56,875 --> 01:11:59,291 and the Israeli and Palestinian delegations 1238 01:11:59,375 --> 01:12:02,667 are talking to each other and having a cup of coffee. 1239 01:12:02,750 --> 01:12:05,583 I think it underscores the point that 1240 01:12:05,667 --> 01:12:08,417 part of what happens in negotiations is the... 1241 01:12:08,500 --> 01:12:11,291 humanization of the other side. 1242 01:12:11,375 --> 01:12:14,792 You no longer see just the, quote, unquote, "enemy," 1243 01:12:14,875 --> 01:12:16,583 but you see a person. 1244 01:12:16,667 --> 01:12:18,333 And you learn about that person's family 1245 01:12:18,417 --> 01:12:20,000 and their ups and downs 1246 01:12:20,083 --> 01:12:22,500 and their happy moments, and you get a sense of 1247 01:12:22,583 --> 01:12:24,542 how committed they are to peace. 1248 01:12:24,625 --> 01:12:27,834 And you never are able to translate that to the public. 1249 01:12:27,917 --> 01:12:29,667 (praying in Hebrew) 1250 01:12:29,750 --> 01:12:34,000 Savir: That evening, we improvised a Friday prayer service. 1251 01:12:34,083 --> 01:12:35,500 We lit candles, 1252 01:12:35,583 --> 01:12:38,458 and much to the astonishment of the Palestinians, 1253 01:12:38,542 --> 01:12:41,875 Singer recited the Kiddush prayer. 1254 01:12:42,750 --> 01:12:45,667 We opened with, "Everybody Loves Saturday Night," 1255 01:12:45,750 --> 01:12:47,625 in three languages. 1256 01:12:47,709 --> 01:12:51,208 Afterwards, Abu Ala and myself joked around 1257 01:12:51,291 --> 01:12:54,834 by imitating the Peres and Arafat conversation, 1258 01:12:54,917 --> 01:12:57,333 while Uri taught Asfour how to sing 1259 01:12:57,417 --> 01:12:59,417 "My Yiddishe Momme." 1260 01:13:00,291 --> 01:13:02,333 It was nice to kid around again. 1261 01:13:02,417 --> 01:13:04,667 ♪ ♪ 1262 01:13:04,750 --> 01:13:06,083 Later that night, 1263 01:13:06,166 --> 01:13:08,375 I received a call from Jerusalem. 1264 01:13:08,458 --> 01:13:11,750 A bus exploded in the center of the capital. 1265 01:13:11,834 --> 01:13:13,709 (sirens blaring) 1266 01:13:13,792 --> 01:13:16,750 (indistinct yelling) 1267 01:13:16,834 --> 01:13:19,208 (speaking Hebrew) 1268 01:13:19,291 --> 01:13:21,458 (TV playing indistinctly) 1269 01:13:23,458 --> 01:13:26,041 Savi: We sat and watched the news silently. 1270 01:13:26,125 --> 01:13:28,542 No one said a word. 1271 01:13:28,625 --> 01:13:32,208 No one doubted our Palestinian friends opposed terror 1272 01:13:32,291 --> 01:13:35,291 and that it was directed towards them as well. 1273 01:13:37,917 --> 01:13:41,542 Two days later, Abu Ala called me up from his room, 1274 01:13:41,625 --> 01:13:45,458 and asked me to watch the Arab evening news with him. 1275 01:13:45,542 --> 01:13:49,625 We watched images of a seven-year-old boy's funeral, 1276 01:13:49,709 --> 01:13:53,625 a boy who had been killed that day by the Israeli Army. 1277 01:13:53,709 --> 01:13:55,834 ♪ ♪ 1278 01:13:57,834 --> 01:13:59,750 Abu Ala was right when he said 1279 01:13:59,834 --> 01:14:03,083 that neither side has dominion over suffering. 1280 01:14:03,166 --> 01:14:05,333 ♪ ♪ 1281 01:14:08,709 --> 01:14:12,291 That night, Abu Ala and I reached the final draft 1282 01:14:12,375 --> 01:14:14,709 of the Oslo-B Agreement. 1283 01:14:16,125 --> 01:14:18,208 (speaking Hebrew) 1284 01:14:33,875 --> 01:14:35,041 (speaking Hebrew) 1285 01:14:35,875 --> 01:14:38,041 (newsman speaking Hebrew) 1286 01:15:28,208 --> 01:15:30,625 (murmuring) 1287 01:15:30,709 --> 01:15:33,041 (Netanyahu speaking Hebrew) 1288 01:15:51,500 --> 01:15:53,583 (crowd cheering, whistles blowing) 1289 01:15:53,667 --> 01:15:57,000 (newsman speaking Hebrew) 1290 01:16:24,125 --> 01:16:26,250 (chanting in Hebrew) 1291 01:16:37,291 --> 01:16:40,375 (helicopters whirring) 1292 01:16:52,166 --> 01:16:53,375 Announcer: Ladies and gentlemen, 1293 01:16:53,458 --> 01:16:55,583 the President of the United States, 1294 01:16:55,667 --> 01:16:59,583 His Majesty King Hussein of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 1295 01:16:59,667 --> 01:17:02,208 His Excellency Mohammed Hosni Mubarak, 1296 01:17:02,291 --> 01:17:04,625 president of the Arab Republic of Egypt, 1297 01:17:04,709 --> 01:17:08,417 His Excellency Yitzhak Rabin, prime minister of Israel, 1298 01:17:08,500 --> 01:17:10,250 Chairman Arafat. 1299 01:17:10,333 --> 01:17:11,667 ♪ ♪ 1300 01:17:11,750 --> 01:17:15,375 Rabin: Please, take a good, hard look. 1301 01:17:16,208 --> 01:17:20,959 The sight you see was impossible, 1302 01:17:21,041 --> 01:17:24,667 was unthinkable just two years ago. 1303 01:17:24,750 --> 01:17:25,625 (applause) 1304 01:17:25,709 --> 01:17:28,625 Only poets dreamt of it, 1305 01:17:28,709 --> 01:17:31,250 and to our great pain, 1306 01:17:31,333 --> 01:17:34,125 soldier and civilians 1307 01:17:34,208 --> 01:17:36,417 went to their death 1308 01:17:36,500 --> 01:17:39,583 to make this moment possible. 1309 01:17:41,208 --> 01:17:43,500 Shaath: These were the years of hope, 1310 01:17:43,583 --> 01:17:45,583 when the two peace camps 1311 01:17:45,667 --> 01:17:48,709 felt that they were somehow... 1312 01:17:49,542 --> 01:17:50,959 vindicated. 1313 01:17:51,041 --> 01:17:54,959 That they are bringing to their people the fruits. 1314 01:17:55,041 --> 01:17:57,375 (newsman speaking Hebrew) 1315 01:18:04,917 --> 01:18:07,291 Newsman: Abu Ala, are you more optimistic now 1316 01:18:07,375 --> 01:18:09,208 than you've been, let's say, 1317 01:18:09,291 --> 01:18:11,458 one day after Oslo 1? 1318 01:18:11,542 --> 01:18:14,875 (all laughing) 1319 01:18:14,959 --> 01:18:17,000 Yes. Yes, I am optimistic. 1320 01:18:17,083 --> 01:18:19,542 -Yes? -I believe that... 1321 01:18:20,417 --> 01:18:22,375 the process we agreed together, 1322 01:18:22,458 --> 01:18:23,709 it will continue, 1323 01:18:23,792 --> 01:18:25,709 despite of all difficulties we face, 1324 01:18:25,792 --> 01:18:27,917 but it will succeed later. 1325 01:18:29,083 --> 01:18:31,500 We have, both, we have a good will 1326 01:18:31,583 --> 01:18:33,417 to push this process forward. 1327 01:18:34,458 --> 01:18:35,542 Newsman: Uri? 1328 01:18:35,625 --> 01:18:38,375 I concur with what Abu Ala said, 1329 01:18:38,458 --> 01:18:40,083 and we really have no choice. 1330 01:18:40,166 --> 01:18:42,208 And there's some good common language around this table, 1331 01:18:42,291 --> 01:18:44,333 as you can see. 1332 01:18:45,959 --> 01:18:48,125 (newsman speaking Hebrew) 1333 01:19:04,333 --> 01:19:07,291 What is a Jewish sport? 1334 01:19:08,667 --> 01:19:10,875 And the saying is, 1335 01:19:10,959 --> 01:19:12,542 speech-making. 1336 01:19:12,625 --> 01:19:14,750 (laughter) 1337 01:19:16,125 --> 01:19:19,834 I start to believe, Chairman Arafat, 1338 01:19:20,834 --> 01:19:23,542 that you are close to be Jewish. 1339 01:19:23,625 --> 01:19:26,208 (laughter, applause) 1340 01:19:40,041 --> 01:19:42,959 (laughter) 1341 01:19:43,041 --> 01:19:45,417 Abraham is my grandfather! 1342 01:19:45,500 --> 01:19:47,417 Abraham is my grandfather! 1343 01:19:47,500 --> 01:19:49,625 (laughter) 1344 01:19:51,667 --> 01:19:53,834 (newsman speaking Hebrew) 1345 01:19:55,500 --> 01:19:57,625 Our partner. 1346 01:19:57,709 --> 01:19:59,709 Our cousin. 1347 01:20:00,834 --> 01:20:02,792 (applause) 1348 01:20:02,875 --> 01:20:05,041 Yitzhak Rabin. 1349 01:20:09,875 --> 01:20:12,667 (clapping, cheering) 1350 01:20:13,834 --> 01:20:15,917 (Netanyahu speaking Hebrew) 1351 01:20:20,083 --> 01:20:23,208 (crowd jeering) 1352 01:20:51,917 --> 01:20:55,583 (crowd cheering) 1353 01:20:58,417 --> 01:21:02,333 Savir: Rabin and Arafat felt isolated in the hostile environment. 1354 01:21:02,417 --> 01:21:04,834 The peace camp wasn't going out 1355 01:21:04,917 --> 01:21:06,834 into the streets to protest. 1356 01:21:06,917 --> 01:21:10,417 Instead, they chose to avoid confrontation. 1357 01:21:11,250 --> 01:21:14,625 The peace objectors, Hamas on the Palestinian side, 1358 01:21:14,709 --> 01:21:17,500 and the Greater Israel camp on our side, 1359 01:21:17,583 --> 01:21:20,166 now own public opinion. 1360 01:21:20,250 --> 01:21:23,875 The face-off wasn't between Israel and the Palestinians, 1361 01:21:23,959 --> 01:21:26,417 but between those who supported peace 1362 01:21:26,500 --> 01:21:29,000 and those that objected to it. 1363 01:21:29,917 --> 01:21:32,000 (newsman speaking Hebrew) 1364 01:22:28,875 --> 01:22:30,500 (indistinct chatter) 1365 01:22:31,375 --> 01:22:32,875 Savir: In early October, 1366 01:22:32,959 --> 01:22:35,125 John Friedman, a friend of Peres, 1367 01:22:35,208 --> 01:22:37,208 convinced him to arrange a rally 1368 01:22:37,291 --> 01:22:39,875 in support of the peace process. 1369 01:22:39,959 --> 01:22:43,583 Peres urged Rabin to accept the initiative. 1370 01:22:43,667 --> 01:22:45,625 But Rabin wondered, 1371 01:22:45,709 --> 01:22:48,041 would people even leave their homes? 1372 01:22:49,375 --> 01:22:53,166 Those days, Rabin was more pessimistic than ever. 1373 01:22:56,750 --> 01:22:58,834 (crowd cheering) 1374 01:23:00,000 --> 01:23:02,208 ♪ ♪ 1375 01:23:07,709 --> 01:23:08,959 Newsman: If too much is heard 1376 01:23:09,041 --> 01:23:11,333 in the Middle East from the few extremists, 1377 01:23:11,417 --> 01:23:13,792 tonight the supporters of peace emerged 1378 01:23:13,875 --> 01:23:16,583 in a huge rally in Tel Aviv. 1379 01:23:16,667 --> 01:23:18,458 This is the young Israel, 1380 01:23:18,542 --> 01:23:20,125 tired of army service, 1381 01:23:20,208 --> 01:23:23,166 tired of chasing Palestinian stone-throwing children 1382 01:23:23,250 --> 01:23:24,667 through refugee camps. 1383 01:23:24,750 --> 01:23:26,667 All sides are mobilizing, 1384 01:23:26,750 --> 01:23:29,542 for this is now becoming one of the most contentious moments 1385 01:23:29,625 --> 01:23:31,458 in Israeli history. 1386 01:23:31,542 --> 01:23:34,000 For the first time, perhaps, the surprise is fading, 1387 01:23:34,083 --> 01:23:36,500 and there is a popular momentum for peace. 1388 01:23:36,583 --> 01:23:38,291 ♪ ♪ 1389 01:23:40,709 --> 01:23:42,792 (Peres speaking Hebrew) 1390 01:24:15,250 --> 01:24:17,583 (crowd cheering) 1391 01:24:20,750 --> 01:24:23,834 (singing in Hebrew) 1392 01:24:28,000 --> 01:24:30,125 (Peres speaking Hebrew) 1393 01:25:00,291 --> 01:25:03,375 (crowd cheering, applauding) 1394 01:25:09,667 --> 01:25:12,792 (Rabin speaking Hebrew) 1395 01:25:28,792 --> 01:25:31,417 (crowd cheering) 1396 01:25:33,250 --> 01:25:35,375 (Peres speaking Hebrew) 1397 01:26:01,500 --> 01:26:04,959 (gunshots echo) 1398 01:26:05,041 --> 01:26:07,166 ♪ ♪ 1399 01:26:15,792 --> 01:26:17,917 (speaking Hebrew) 1400 01:26:35,041 --> 01:26:36,709 (sirens blaring) 1401 01:26:36,792 --> 01:26:38,375 (Peres speaking Hebrew) 1402 01:27:02,125 --> 01:27:04,000 ♪ ♪ 1403 01:27:04,083 --> 01:27:06,500 (indistinct chatter) 1404 01:27:06,583 --> 01:27:08,291 (crying) 1405 01:27:13,792 --> 01:27:16,458 (indistinct yelling) 1406 01:27:20,792 --> 01:27:23,500 (yelling in Hebrew) 1407 01:27:30,959 --> 01:27:34,083 (Peres speaking Hebrew) 1408 01:28:05,542 --> 01:28:08,166 (crowd murmuring) 1409 01:28:21,333 --> 01:28:23,166 Erekat: You know, these people were fighting each other. 1410 01:28:23,250 --> 01:28:25,458 They don't recognize each other, they kill each other, 1411 01:28:25,542 --> 01:28:27,750 and so on. It wasn't a play. 1412 01:28:27,834 --> 01:28:31,458 But then, later, I saw Rabin's meeting with Arafat. 1413 01:28:31,542 --> 01:28:34,291 I saw meeting after meeting after meeting after meeting. 1414 01:28:34,375 --> 01:28:36,000 I was there every single meeting, 1415 01:28:36,083 --> 01:28:38,875 and I saw how their relationships developed. 1416 01:28:39,709 --> 01:28:42,458 After the day when Rabin was assassinated, 1417 01:28:42,542 --> 01:28:44,083 Arafat told me, 1418 01:28:44,166 --> 01:28:47,458 "They assassinated the peace process in Israel." 1419 01:28:47,542 --> 01:28:49,375 And I disagreed with him. 1420 01:28:50,208 --> 01:28:52,792 No, Israel is not about an individual. 1421 01:28:52,875 --> 01:28:54,125 It's about an institution. 1422 01:28:54,208 --> 01:28:55,959 It's about this, they... 1423 01:28:56,041 --> 01:28:58,166 have replacements and so on. 1424 01:28:59,083 --> 01:29:02,125 And he did like this with his hand and told me, 1425 01:29:04,375 --> 01:29:06,166 "They... 1426 01:29:06,250 --> 01:29:08,083 assassinated the peace process." 1427 01:29:09,625 --> 01:29:12,250 ♪ ♪ 1428 01:29:16,750 --> 01:29:18,917 Beilin: Peres was... 1429 01:29:20,250 --> 01:29:22,000 was not himself. 1430 01:29:22,083 --> 01:29:24,041 Was not himself. 1431 01:29:24,125 --> 01:29:26,750 He was very sad, deeply sad. 1432 01:29:33,625 --> 01:29:36,291 He was already the prime minister, 1433 01:29:36,375 --> 01:29:38,375 and on Saturday, 1434 01:29:38,458 --> 01:29:41,792 I came to his home with all the maps and all the material. 1435 01:29:44,291 --> 01:29:47,417 And I said to him, 1436 01:29:47,500 --> 01:29:51,125 this is the agreement that we have with Abu Mazen. 1437 01:29:52,291 --> 01:29:54,875 I think that we can go for it. 1438 01:29:54,959 --> 01:29:56,542 You have the exact border, 1439 01:29:56,625 --> 01:29:58,542 you have the solution for Jerusalem, 1440 01:29:58,625 --> 01:30:00,750 with everything else, 1441 01:30:00,834 --> 01:30:02,917 and... 1442 01:30:03,000 --> 01:30:04,834 I think that now is the time. 1443 01:30:04,917 --> 01:30:06,667 I mean, everybody's so confused, 1444 01:30:06,750 --> 01:30:09,333 including ourselves, but still... 1445 01:30:09,417 --> 01:30:11,250 there is a support for peace, 1446 01:30:11,333 --> 01:30:12,709 even more than before, 1447 01:30:12,792 --> 01:30:14,834 as a result of the assassination, 1448 01:30:14,917 --> 01:30:16,834 and let us, "use it," 1449 01:30:17,750 --> 01:30:20,458 for his memory and finish the job. 1450 01:30:25,792 --> 01:30:26,792 And, 1451 01:30:26,875 --> 01:30:29,208 he listened to me very carefully, 1452 01:30:29,291 --> 01:30:30,792 for two hours... 1453 01:30:32,834 --> 01:30:35,792 and then he said, "Not now. 1454 01:30:35,875 --> 01:30:37,458 "Not now. I don't think that people 1455 01:30:37,542 --> 01:30:40,250 are ready to leave the Jordan Valley," 1456 01:30:40,333 --> 01:30:42,417 which was part of the map, 1457 01:30:42,500 --> 01:30:46,083 so that Israel should withdraw from the Jordan Valley. 1458 01:30:46,166 --> 01:30:48,542 (sniffles) And, uh... 1459 01:30:50,041 --> 01:30:52,250 "I think that today to bring it 1460 01:30:52,333 --> 01:30:54,583 to the people will... is immature." 1461 01:30:54,667 --> 01:30:56,625 Well, it is always immature, 1462 01:30:56,709 --> 01:30:59,333 but this is an opportunity. 1463 01:31:02,625 --> 01:31:04,458 I was not... 1464 01:31:04,542 --> 01:31:07,125 strong enough to tell him 1465 01:31:07,208 --> 01:31:09,667 it is your biggest mistake. 1466 01:31:09,750 --> 01:31:11,959 Reconsider it. 1467 01:31:12,041 --> 01:31:14,834 I did not come again to him with this. 1468 01:31:17,041 --> 01:31:19,625 And, uh... 1469 01:31:19,709 --> 01:31:21,625 maybe it is in me. 1470 01:31:21,709 --> 01:31:24,667 Maybe it is part of my weakness. 1471 01:31:27,667 --> 01:31:29,083 Maybe it was just a mistake, 1472 01:31:29,166 --> 01:31:30,250 I don't know. 1473 01:31:30,333 --> 01:31:32,667 But if you ask me whether I regret it, 1474 01:31:33,834 --> 01:31:35,166 I, I do regret it. 1475 01:31:35,250 --> 01:31:37,458 I had, I had, apparently, 1476 01:31:37,542 --> 01:31:38,917 to fight more 1477 01:31:39,000 --> 01:31:41,083 for, for, uh... 1478 01:31:41,166 --> 01:31:43,417 for the permanent agreement. 1479 01:31:45,542 --> 01:31:49,041 ♪ ♪ 1480 01:31:49,125 --> 01:31:52,166 Savir: On May 5th, 1996, 1481 01:31:52,250 --> 01:31:55,000 I found myself back in the familiar surroundings 1482 01:31:55,083 --> 01:31:57,041 of the Hilton Taba. 1483 01:31:57,125 --> 01:31:59,625 I wondered about the three years that passed 1484 01:31:59,709 --> 01:32:02,083 since I first met Abu Ala in Oslo. 1485 01:32:02,917 --> 01:32:05,458 Since then, our lives had become 1486 01:32:05,542 --> 01:32:06,959 a combination of promise 1487 01:32:07,041 --> 01:32:09,000 and anguish. 1488 01:32:09,083 --> 01:32:10,792 The process we started 1489 01:32:10,875 --> 01:32:13,333 had withstood tremendous trials. 1490 01:32:13,417 --> 01:32:15,166 Since the first day in Oslo, 1491 01:32:15,250 --> 01:32:19,166 and up until this current exchange in May '96, 1492 01:32:19,250 --> 01:32:23,250 1,100 days of peace talks had passed. 1493 01:32:24,250 --> 01:32:26,667 When we said our farewells that day, 1494 01:32:26,750 --> 01:32:29,542 I never imagined that it would be my last 1495 01:32:29,625 --> 01:32:33,834 and final meeting with Abu Ala in my official role 1496 01:32:33,917 --> 01:32:36,291 as head of the Israeli negotiating team. 1497 01:32:37,792 --> 01:32:40,417 If I had known it was all going to end, 1498 01:32:40,500 --> 01:32:41,917 maybe I would have come up 1499 01:32:42,000 --> 01:32:44,542 with something more intelligent to say to him. 1500 01:32:44,625 --> 01:32:47,083 But all I said to Abu Ala was, 1501 01:32:47,166 --> 01:32:49,959 see you soon, my friend. 1502 01:32:52,458 --> 01:32:55,375 Newsman: Nearly 80 percent of Israel's four million voters 1503 01:32:55,458 --> 01:32:57,417 streamed to polling stations. 1504 01:32:57,500 --> 01:32:59,041 Everyone seemed to understand 1505 01:32:59,125 --> 01:33:01,458 why this election was important. 1506 01:33:02,333 --> 01:33:05,542 In suburban Tel Aviv, voters chose Peres. 1507 01:33:05,625 --> 01:33:08,083 The peace process means hope, 1508 01:33:08,166 --> 01:33:10,709 so that he won't be 1509 01:33:10,792 --> 01:33:13,375 in a bloody army or in a bloody war. 1510 01:33:13,458 --> 01:33:15,458 Newsman: In the West Bank city of Hebron, 1511 01:33:15,542 --> 01:33:18,208 Jewish settlers voted for Netanyahu. 1512 01:33:18,291 --> 01:33:20,083 Peres want to be, 1513 01:33:20,166 --> 01:33:22,750 to give our land to the Arabs, so, of course, 1514 01:33:22,834 --> 01:33:24,583 we are voting for Benjamin Netanyahu. 1515 01:33:24,667 --> 01:33:26,417 Newsman: Tonight, those who support 1516 01:33:26,500 --> 01:33:28,750 the steps Israel has taken toward peace 1517 01:33:28,834 --> 01:33:30,291 are clinging to the hope 1518 01:33:30,375 --> 01:33:32,792 that they may be the ultimate winners. 1519 01:33:32,875 --> 01:33:35,000 ♪ ♪ 1520 01:33:47,792 --> 01:33:50,375 (speaking Hebrew) 1521 01:34:04,542 --> 01:34:07,333 (crowd cheering) 1522 01:34:07,417 --> 01:34:09,834 (newsman speaking Hebrew) 1523 01:34:15,250 --> 01:34:18,875 (singing in Hebrew) 1524 01:34:29,041 --> 01:34:32,792 Singer: It's like someone building a bridge, 1525 01:34:32,875 --> 01:34:35,834 and building and building and building 1526 01:34:35,917 --> 01:34:40,166 something that could have really 1527 01:34:40,250 --> 01:34:41,792 changed... 1528 01:34:42,709 --> 01:34:44,166 the Middle East. 1529 01:34:44,250 --> 01:34:47,834 An opportunity like this comes 1530 01:34:47,917 --> 01:34:50,000 once in a hundred years, 1531 01:34:50,083 --> 01:34:52,083 and it was wasted. 1532 01:34:54,083 --> 01:34:57,542 I felt so bad 1533 01:34:57,625 --> 01:35:00,166 when it all collapsed 1534 01:35:00,250 --> 01:35:03,667 because I held it already, 1535 01:35:03,750 --> 01:35:05,166 and I felt, 1536 01:35:05,250 --> 01:35:07,834 we can do it! We can do it! 1537 01:35:07,917 --> 01:35:10,083 And then... (sputters) 1538 01:35:11,583 --> 01:35:14,000 It went wrong, 1539 01:35:14,083 --> 01:35:15,750 and I knew, 1540 01:35:16,792 --> 01:35:18,250 it's not in my lifetime. 1541 01:35:18,333 --> 01:35:20,542 Probably not in my kids' lifetime. 1542 01:35:20,625 --> 01:35:22,542 Maybe the grandchildren. 1543 01:35:22,625 --> 01:35:24,291 (cheering) 1544 01:35:25,792 --> 01:35:27,417 (cheering in Hebrew) 1545 01:35:30,667 --> 01:35:33,250 (cheering, applauding) 1546 01:35:40,583 --> 01:35:43,166 (speaking Hebrew) 1547 01:35:54,125 --> 01:35:55,917 (cheering) 1548 01:35:57,500 --> 01:36:00,667 ♪ ♪ 1549 01:36:08,166 --> 01:36:10,333 (singing in Arabic) 1550 01:37:36,375 --> 01:37:38,667 Interviewer: Are you still an optimist? 1551 01:37:38,750 --> 01:37:40,875 Do you still believe there's a chance for peace 1552 01:37:40,959 --> 01:37:42,959 between us and the Palestinians? 1553 01:37:43,041 --> 01:37:45,792 I don't think there's another alternative. 1554 01:37:45,875 --> 01:37:49,500 Neither for the Palestinians, nor for us. 1555 01:37:49,583 --> 01:37:53,083 The only alternative is an ongoing war. 1556 01:37:54,458 --> 01:37:56,875 But contrary what people think, 1557 01:37:56,959 --> 01:37:59,542 in war, there are no victories. 1558 01:37:59,625 --> 01:38:01,875 Only victims. 1559 01:38:01,959 --> 01:38:04,500 No war is ever finished, 1560 01:38:04,583 --> 01:38:08,208 unless it's being replaced by peace. 1561 01:38:08,291 --> 01:38:10,333 ♪ ♪ 1562 01:38:30,959 --> 01:38:33,125 ♪ ♪ 1563 01:39:01,000 --> 01:39:03,166 ♪ ♪