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The Net of Indra,

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the metaphor of Indra's jeweled net
asks us to envision a vast net

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that, at each juncture
there lies a jewel,

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each jewel reflects all the other jewels
in this cosmic matrix.

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Every jewel represents
an individual life form,

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atom, cell, or unit of consciousness.

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Each jewel, in turn,

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is intrinsically and intimately
connected to all the others.

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Thus, a change in one gem
is reflected in all the others.

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Hundreds of thousands of people
have died unnecessary deaths.

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The question is, why?

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Most of what I treat in my office
is chronic disease.

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We are living in an environment.

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Our bodies are ill-prepared
for a lot of disease results,

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probably about half of disease
you see in the hospitals

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is due to living in an environment
we're not prepared for.

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But perhaps
the most startling part

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is that many of these chronic diseases
could have been prevented.

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Chronic disease is all the ailments

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from heart disease to diabetes,
to depression,

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that are just chipping away
at our quality of life.

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Make rounds in a modern hospital

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with me in the medical ward sometime,

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and just make a note of each patient
as you go through.

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Which of these patients
would actually be there

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if they had lived
in the natural environment

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compared with our modern environment?

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These chronic diseases seem to be moving

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ever further down in the age bracket

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to the point where I am seeing
more and more children

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with diabetes and heart disease,
morbid obesity.

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Experts call it "Diabesity."

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Over the past decade childhood cases
of type 2 diabetes

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have increased ten-fold
because of rising rates of obesity.

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The immune systems in modern people,

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specifically in the developed
rich countries, are trigger happy.

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They are doing crazy things,
attacking their own tissues,

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like attacking the brain,
so then you have multiple sclerosis.

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All of these are situations
where the immune system

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is doing things it should not be doing,

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and in developing countries
it doesn't do these things.

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So something has changed
in the rich developed countries

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which is causing our immune systems
to lose the control mechanisms

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that normally stop them
from behaving irresponsibly.

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The medical profession
is now actually the third

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leading cause of death
in the United States.

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People didn't understand
why when we get antibiotics

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it causes many problems.

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Not only that, but each cell
in our body has mitochondria

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that has been before bacteria.

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So bacteria is the fabric
of all the living systems.

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So we did so many mistakes
on our gut bacteria.

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As we have less and less
infectious disease,

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we have more and more chronic disease,

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but even conditions
like multiple sclerosis and depression,

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in our thought,
had some microbial involvement.

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And so it may be,
as we have conquered infectious disease,

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some of the strategies like antibiotics

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have been either eliminating
beneficial microbes

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or providing the growth
of harmful microbes

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that are contributing
to these chronic diseases

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in ways that we're just beginning
to understand.

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Most of it relates back
to our lifestyle.

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So to the foods that we're eating,

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the highly processed foods
with lots of sugar

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and very low nutrient,

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to the fact that we experience
a huge amount of stress

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and that we're disconnected
from our communities.

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I am starting to discover
also to the fact

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that we're disconnected
from the natural world.

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We're gradually killing ourselves off.

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People have to start realizing
that we're all connected,

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I mean, including
the creatures of the earth,

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including the plants, the land,

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at some point it will come back
and bite us

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if we don't start changing our ways.

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Actually it's starting
to bite us already.

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I love to garden without gloves.

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My name is Dr. Daphne Miller

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and I am a family doctor
and a nutrition explorer.

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And I feel like I wear gloves enough
in my medical practice,

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and why should I have
to wear them in my garden

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where everything is so wonderful

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and where there are the kind of microbes
that I want to be connected to, so...

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"Agroecology is the science
that provides

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the basic ecological principles

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for how to study, design,
and manage agrosystems

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that are both productive
and natural resource-conservative

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and that are culturally-sensitive,
socially-just, and economically viable."

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We can get behind that, right?

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"Agroecology goes beyond
a one-dimensional view

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of agroecosystems.

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At the heart of the agroecology
strategy is the idea

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that an agroecosystem
should mimic the functioning

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of local ecosystems."

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But the word "health"
has not come up once yet.

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"The key agroecological strategy

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in designing a sustainable agricultural

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is to reincorporate diversity

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into the agricultural fields
and surrounding landscapes."

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How about human health?

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No health here, okay.

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I am pleased to introduce
our next speaker,

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Miss Daphne Miller.

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She will be talking about
diverse farming system,

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diverse diets.

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She is a family physician, a writer,

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and associate professor
in the Department of Family Medicine

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at the University of California,
San Francisco.

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I wanted also to add this sentence
which I like myself,

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Miss Miller approaches medicine
with idea

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that opportunities
for health and healing

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are found not only
in the medical system,

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but in such unexpected places
such as home kitchens,

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school gardens, community organization,
spiritual centers,

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farmers, and natural trades.

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Thank you.

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We are hitting a wall,

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and we know that pills and surgeries

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are not making a dent
in the rates of diabetes

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and heart disease
that we're seeing.

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The most important thing to understand
is that there is no one answer.

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Health is something that needs
to be engaged with everyday

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throughout the day

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in dozens of little choices
that we make.

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The bad news is that it's complicated.

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On my 48th birthday
I had a really bad headache.

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Ultimately it was determined

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that I had a disorder
called neurosarcoidosis.

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They started treating me
with prednisone, with steroids.

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I tried to watch TV, TV was too slow,

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so I finally had to bring in my laptop

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and that was the only thing that was,
you know, fast enough that I could feel

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because these drugs
just had my brain go...

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A hundred and six thousand Americans
are killed every year

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from side effects of prescription drugs.

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This is not drug errors,
this is not illicit drugs,

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and this is actually just compliant
to drugs given in hospitals.

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And the steroids were great

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and that the symptoms
that I was having went away,

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and within maybe two weeks of going
on these massive dosage of steroids,

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my appetite was back

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and I gained somewhere
in the neighborhood 30 or 40 pounds

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in two weeks,

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because I was eating like a teenage boy.

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What I didn't know at that time

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was that prednisone
can lead to diabetes.

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So I began a course
of medication for diabetes.

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We tend to medicalize health.

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We tend to really think of it

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within the purview of what we can do

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that's either a drug or a surgery

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or some kind of chemical intervention

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to make us feel better,

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and in fact we know

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that there is many, many
other things out there

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that have everything to do
with creating this balance.

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I mean, I am really thankful
that Western medicine saved his life

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because, you know, definitely
it was going downhill fast.

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But at the same time, you know,

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prednisone has got
such terrible side effects that it's...

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it's just one of those things that...

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It was like those old '40s
and '50s movies

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where somebody saves your life
and now they own you.

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This is where I pay you off.

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The hubris of thinking

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that we could simplify
this complex system,

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put it on a pill,

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that had the benefits of broccoli,

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I mean, they would be making
billions of dollars

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because it's just so clear-cut.

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So our reductionist approach
is doing very little

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in the face of this epidemic
of chronic disease.

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Reductionism means taking a system

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and reducing it into its component parts

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as if the whole
was just the sum of its part

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so we can take any single part out,

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you know, get the same effect
as the whole.

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Such processes
do not really occur in nature.

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One of the first ones was Descartes,

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which basically said you cannot
study nature in its complexity,

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you have to study in its parts,

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and that's when the transdisciplinary
nature of knowledge was divided

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into commodities or disciplines.

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The second influence was Darwin.

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Darwin, although he came up
with the Theory of Evolution,

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he emphasized
the survival of the fittest,

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which means competition,

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the ones that are successful
competitors make it,

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when it turns out that in nature

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there is much more complementarity

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and collaboration and cooperation
than competition.

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The traditional linear model,

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the pharmaceutical company model is,

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let's identify one probiotic,

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they would be put into this
extremely complicated system

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which is equally complicated
to our brain

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and that will cure disease.

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In the modern system's view,
not the right way of looking at it.

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We see now
that we don't live in a linear world

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that A causes B causes C.

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What in fact we live in
is a complex network.

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It's a complex system where everything
is related to everything else.

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It's that kind of thinking,

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the science of complex systems
are adaptive complex systems

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that determine our future.

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What you need for a complex problem
is a complex solution.

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One of the things that we have done

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is... that was really important to us

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was we started a garden.

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When we got the house that was one
of the first things that we did

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and started growing our own food.

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It's kind of something that's become
more integrated into our lives.

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It tends to drive a lot of things,

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like we look at some of the food
in the grocery store now

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and just go, I don't want that.

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You know, I want tomatoes
from my garden.

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I started really thinking
about how I eat and what I eat

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and started to refine that.

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I grew up outside of Buffalo

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and a friend of mine who grew up there,
she calls it The Land of Meat.

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A meal is meat
with other things around it.

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To have salad as a meal
is like having a side dish as a meal.

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It was harder to avoid it
than it was to just take it in.

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You grow up, you don't question it
when you get to our age

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and meat has some bad effects
on your body.

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My life then was really
very much about my work

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and eating as conveniently as possible.

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Food is emotional and it's part of,
I don't know, who you are.

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That was the Ronnie then.

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Gotten down to where I am about,

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around 210 or so,
and that keeps me going.

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My blood sugar level
has been in the normal range now

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for actually probably a couple of years.

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Does that mean
that you don't have diabetes anymore?

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I no longer have diabetes, so...

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So you are not taking any medication
for your diabetes.

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No, and before I was taking
daily medication

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or twice daily medication
for my diabetes.

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What we were taught in medical school

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is that you can't reverse diabetes,

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that was really what we were taught,

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that it was kind of like
a runaway train,

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and once it was, you know,
the breaks were off, it just...

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it was never coming back to the station,

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and you really have disproved that

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and I just find it amazing.

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And you are not alone

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but it's something
that's very inspirational

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for other people to know that
that can happen.

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00:14:33,831 --> 00:14:37,668
My life, especially in the last
ten years or so,

252
00:14:37,752 --> 00:14:40,505
has been about trying
to establish routines

253
00:14:40,588 --> 00:14:42,382
where I could be comfortable

254
00:14:42,465 --> 00:14:46,010
and focus on what's really
important to me.

255
00:14:55,520 --> 00:14:59,607
If the revolution continues
the way it's gone the last five years,

256
00:15:00,149 --> 00:15:02,610
I think we will have to see
some dramatic changes

257
00:15:02,693 --> 00:15:05,822
that dietary interventions
may have a much bigger influence

258
00:15:05,905 --> 00:15:07,865
I think in medical care,

259
00:15:07,949 --> 00:15:12,203
in both prevention of diseases
but also treatment of various disorders.

260
00:15:12,578 --> 00:15:15,623
Yeah, I kind of think of it, too,
as that's money I don't have to spend

261
00:15:15,706 --> 00:15:19,127
going to the hospital
or something else later.

262
00:15:20,044 --> 00:15:22,171
It's a part of my insurance plan.

263
00:15:49,657 --> 00:15:51,617
Hi. I am Daphne Miller.

264
00:15:51,701 --> 00:15:53,494
- Hi. Nice to meet you.
- Nice to meet you.

265
00:15:57,707 --> 00:15:59,417
We had an epidemic of diabetes,

266
00:15:59,500 --> 00:16:03,004
epidemic of nutrition-related problems.

267
00:16:03,379 --> 00:16:05,298
And I show up at Harvard

268
00:16:05,381 --> 00:16:09,969
and there is only one M.D.
in my nutrition program, that was me,

269
00:16:10,052 --> 00:16:11,596
and I was absolutely shocked.

270
00:16:11,679 --> 00:16:14,765
I had a couple of people
lower their cholesterol

271
00:16:14,849 --> 00:16:16,517
over 50 points in ten days.

272
00:16:16,601 --> 00:16:19,520
If you can lower your cholesterol
50 points in ten days,

273
00:16:19,604 --> 00:16:21,814
why would you want to take a statin drug

274
00:16:21,898 --> 00:16:24,317
that's known to cause liver damage,
muscle damage,

275
00:16:24,400 --> 00:16:25,568
memory loss and...

276
00:16:26,152 --> 00:16:31,157
And now there are lawsuits
about Lipitor causing diabetes.

277
00:16:31,240 --> 00:16:34,702
Why would you want to take that stuff
if you can do it naturally?

278
00:16:34,785 --> 00:16:37,163
And by the way, the side effects
of doing it like that

279
00:16:37,246 --> 00:16:40,583
is, well, your blood sugar gets better,
your blood pressure gets better

280
00:16:40,666 --> 00:16:42,543
and you might lose weight if you are...

281
00:16:42,627 --> 00:16:44,754
well, you will lose weight
if you are overweight.

282
00:16:45,213 --> 00:16:49,592
Here in the United States,
the number one killer is diet.

283
00:16:49,926 --> 00:16:53,095
So, what we eat
determines our lifespan,

284
00:16:53,179 --> 00:16:57,975
our health span in terms of both
disability and mortality.

285
00:16:58,476 --> 00:17:02,021
I went from... close to 300 pounds

286
00:17:02,313 --> 00:17:04,565
with a 42-inch waist

287
00:17:04,649 --> 00:17:08,027
down to about a 190

288
00:17:08,110 --> 00:17:10,655
with a 34-inch waist.

289
00:17:10,738 --> 00:17:13,616
Blood pressure was probably
one of the biggest things that changed.

290
00:17:13,699 --> 00:17:15,159
I was diagnosed pre-diabetic

291
00:17:15,243 --> 00:17:18,746
because both my blood pressure numbers
were completely off the charts

292
00:17:18,829 --> 00:17:20,915
and that almost changed immediately.

293
00:17:20,998 --> 00:17:22,375
It also changed my palate.

294
00:17:22,458 --> 00:17:24,919
A lot of the food
that's actually available right now

295
00:17:25,002 --> 00:17:28,130
in our supermarkets
or in our restaurants didn't taste good,

296
00:17:28,214 --> 00:17:31,926
I had to go out and find
or grow the type of food

297
00:17:32,009 --> 00:17:35,429
that my body wanted to eat.

298
00:17:35,513 --> 00:17:38,266
In less than,
I would even say nine months,

299
00:17:38,558 --> 00:17:41,227
completely changed
how I look, how I felt.

300
00:17:41,310 --> 00:17:44,480
Now, people who have seen my whole life
didn't recognize me,

301
00:17:44,564 --> 00:17:48,150
and I was often accused
of being on drugs

302
00:17:48,234 --> 00:17:50,278
because the amount of weight
that I dropped down

303
00:17:50,361 --> 00:17:52,405
and my body just completely changed.

304
00:17:52,780 --> 00:17:54,407
The native people

305
00:17:54,949 --> 00:17:57,702
have just about the worst health
in the nation.

306
00:17:57,785 --> 00:18:00,830
If you look at mortality statistics,

307
00:18:00,913 --> 00:18:05,376
we were unfortunately
double the rate of heart disease,

308
00:18:05,459 --> 00:18:07,795
double the rate of cancer,
double the rate of stroke.

309
00:18:07,878 --> 00:18:10,339
This is in terms of mortality
for pure Hawaiians,

310
00:18:10,423 --> 00:18:13,050
five times the rate for diabetes.

311
00:18:13,509 --> 00:18:15,553
So I actually went back
to the Bishop Museum

312
00:18:15,636 --> 00:18:18,306
and started collecting
photographs of Hawaiians

313
00:18:18,389 --> 00:18:19,557
in the old days,

314
00:18:19,640 --> 00:18:24,186
including drawings from Captain Cook's
artists back in 1778,

315
00:18:24,270 --> 00:18:26,355
and you saw slim Hawaiians.

316
00:18:26,856 --> 00:18:28,316
Number one, there was no sugar,

317
00:18:28,816 --> 00:18:32,528
and they didn't have it back in 1778.

318
00:18:32,612 --> 00:18:34,655
I mean, that was a Western invention.

319
00:18:34,989 --> 00:18:39,827
Their main staple was taro and poi,
which is made from taro,

320
00:18:39,910 --> 00:18:43,623
sweet potatoes, and yams,
and little bit of breadfruit.

321
00:18:43,706 --> 00:18:48,085
The change in the diet, lifestyle,
eating processed food,

322
00:18:48,169 --> 00:18:50,671
and so much meat and so much fat

323
00:18:51,339 --> 00:18:54,717
has contributed
to the obesity epidemic here,

324
00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:57,887
and of course, all the diseases
that come along with it.

325
00:18:57,970 --> 00:18:59,680
I remember when I was a kid,

326
00:18:59,764 --> 00:19:02,391
you could count the number
of fast food places on one hand

327
00:19:02,475 --> 00:19:03,559
on the whole island.

328
00:19:03,893 --> 00:19:07,188
Now, there's fast food places
on every corner.

329
00:19:07,271 --> 00:19:11,651
We are faced with a society
that's already been brainwashed

330
00:19:11,734 --> 00:19:14,070
to eat meat three times a day,

331
00:19:14,153 --> 00:19:15,988
dairy three times a day,

332
00:19:16,072 --> 00:19:18,407
taught that lean meat
and chicken is health food,

333
00:19:18,491 --> 00:19:19,367
which it is not.

334
00:19:19,450 --> 00:19:21,327
We need to educate people,

335
00:19:21,410 --> 00:19:24,705
the healthiest way is nature's way.

336
00:19:24,789 --> 00:19:27,625
After all, for thousands of years,

337
00:19:27,708 --> 00:19:31,337
we have been eating whole grains
and vegetables and beans

338
00:19:31,420 --> 00:19:34,298
and animals were not fattened up
like they are today,

339
00:19:34,423 --> 00:19:35,925
or chemicalized.

340
00:19:36,008 --> 00:19:38,678
Basically, we're gradually
poisoning ourselves.

341
00:19:38,761 --> 00:19:41,639
All you have to do is look
at the obesity maps in the U.S.

342
00:19:41,722 --> 00:19:43,474
It's getting worse and worse and worse.

343
00:19:49,146 --> 00:19:50,856
We are just totally been screwed over.

344
00:19:50,940 --> 00:19:55,152
You've got this junk food industry
that's spending billions of dollars

345
00:19:55,236 --> 00:19:57,988
to get the young kids to eat their shit.

346
00:19:58,072 --> 00:20:01,534
By the time these poor kids
are 13, 14 years old,

347
00:20:01,617 --> 00:20:03,244
they got all kinds of diseases.

348
00:20:03,327 --> 00:20:06,414
They got asthma,
they got attention deficit,

349
00:20:06,497 --> 00:20:09,875
they got so much going on
that is just out of control,

350
00:20:09,959 --> 00:20:12,628
and it's really sad.

351
00:20:12,878 --> 00:20:14,880
These remarkable studies

352
00:20:14,964 --> 00:20:17,925
in which the progression of cancer

353
00:20:18,008 --> 00:20:20,428
was reversed with the whole food,
plant-based diet,

354
00:20:20,511 --> 00:20:22,430
progression of heart disease,
hypertension,

355
00:20:22,513 --> 00:20:26,058
type 2 diabetes reversed,
and cases, even cured.

356
00:20:26,475 --> 00:20:28,394
It's the complexity in the diet,

357
00:20:28,686 --> 00:20:30,312
how those foods come together,

358
00:20:30,688 --> 00:20:33,941
and how those foods
interact with the soil

359
00:20:34,024 --> 00:20:36,444
that really offers us the real medicine.

360
00:20:36,777 --> 00:20:40,573
Is there anybody who is in
the health field in this room?

361
00:20:40,656 --> 00:20:42,658
Anybody working in health at all?

362
00:20:43,284 --> 00:20:45,661
Wow. Okay, I really am alone.

363
00:20:46,287 --> 00:20:48,789
How many farmers do we have here today?

364
00:20:49,498 --> 00:20:51,459
A couple of farmers, wonderful.

365
00:20:51,542 --> 00:20:53,794
Well, to the farmers in the room,

366
00:20:53,878 --> 00:20:57,590
I look at you and me
as one and the same.

367
00:20:57,965 --> 00:21:00,009
We're doing the exact same work.

368
00:21:00,092 --> 00:21:01,802
We're here to keep people healthy

369
00:21:02,344 --> 00:21:03,846
and heal our communities,

370
00:21:03,929 --> 00:21:06,223
and hopefully by the end of my talk,

371
00:21:06,307 --> 00:21:08,684
you'll all agree with me that
that is the case.

372
00:21:14,064 --> 00:21:16,859
I've got the kitchen waste compost
in here,

373
00:21:17,985 --> 00:21:20,070
and down inside there we have worms,

374
00:21:20,154 --> 00:21:23,866
so the worms are eating up
the kitchen compost,

375
00:21:24,408 --> 00:21:26,327
and we're getting
a little bit of rain now,

376
00:21:26,410 --> 00:21:28,454
so it's about time to water it.

377
00:21:28,537 --> 00:21:30,289
And everyday we collect...

378
00:21:30,372 --> 00:21:31,957
We collected this one already

379
00:21:32,041 --> 00:21:34,210
and we get this incredible worm juice.

380
00:21:34,293 --> 00:21:36,378
And we use it for watering our nursery

381
00:21:36,504 --> 00:21:39,298
and other plants
that are in need of help.

382
00:21:39,381 --> 00:21:42,051
As far as obtaining
anything in the store,

383
00:21:42,468 --> 00:21:46,764
nothing comes close
to how wonderful this works

384
00:21:46,847 --> 00:21:48,933
at putting nutrients into your plants.

385
00:21:49,016 --> 00:21:51,519
Look at these coconuts, man,
they're only...

386
00:21:51,602 --> 00:21:54,605
They're only four years old
and I am eating coconuts off of them.

387
00:21:54,688 --> 00:21:57,399
Yeah, this is quite the site
to have a coconut tree

388
00:21:57,483 --> 00:21:59,693
where you got to get down
on your knees to harvest.

389
00:21:59,777 --> 00:22:02,196
Right there, there were 16 coconuts.

390
00:22:02,905 --> 00:22:05,324
Nice view. So we get to watch
the whales every winter.

391
00:22:05,741 --> 00:22:07,868
The whales park out here,
so all winter long,

392
00:22:07,952 --> 00:22:10,120
we get to watch the whales
breaching on here.

393
00:22:10,204 --> 00:22:11,204
It's really beautiful.

394
00:22:11,247 --> 00:22:12,623
They call me Ginger John,

395
00:22:12,706 --> 00:22:15,543
that's what everybody
knows me by on the island.

396
00:22:25,553 --> 00:22:29,181
Not only are they producing the food
that keeps us healthy,

397
00:22:29,598 --> 00:22:32,768
but they are protecting
the land and the soil,

398
00:22:32,852 --> 00:22:35,855
which is absolutely critical
to our own health.

399
00:22:41,443 --> 00:22:43,529
- Daphne?
- Yeah. All right.

400
00:22:43,612 --> 00:22:44,864
Good to meet you too. Aloha.

401
00:22:44,947 --> 00:22:46,282
This is your property?

402
00:22:46,615 --> 00:22:48,576
- It's all of ours.
- So it's mine too.

403
00:22:48,659 --> 00:22:49,994
- That's yours too.
- Okay.

404
00:22:50,077 --> 00:22:51,954
You're standing here,
life brought you here.

405
00:22:52,037 --> 00:22:52,872
Enjoy.

406
00:22:52,955 --> 00:22:54,707
You look fantastic, so obviously it's...

407
00:22:54,790 --> 00:22:57,626
Sixty-eight years old and I work
circles around as 20-year-olds.

408
00:22:57,710 --> 00:22:59,837
I was the vanguard
of the Hippie Movement

409
00:22:59,920 --> 00:23:02,423
and somehow I got the message
to come to Hawaii,

410
00:23:02,506 --> 00:23:06,427
so I got here in 1967,
ended up living on this beach,

411
00:23:06,969 --> 00:23:08,429
Makena Beach on Maui,

412
00:23:08,721 --> 00:23:10,556
for two years with no clothes

413
00:23:11,056 --> 00:23:14,226
and no money, no blanket, nothing.

414
00:23:14,727 --> 00:23:18,731
Getting disconnected,
so to speak, connected me.

415
00:23:18,814 --> 00:23:21,275
I was laying on the beach and thinking,
you're gonna die.

416
00:23:21,358 --> 00:23:24,028
You better go into town
so that you can do something about it.

417
00:23:24,111 --> 00:23:27,865
I was sitting and about ready to fall over
and this old Hawaiian lady came up to me

418
00:23:27,948 --> 00:23:30,951
and saw that I was really ill
and just embraced me.

419
00:23:31,035 --> 00:23:33,954
And asthma was drawing and I told her
I was bleeding from my lungs,

420
00:23:34,038 --> 00:23:35,915
I couldn't eat, I couldn't sleep.

421
00:23:35,998 --> 00:23:39,417
And she said, "Well, when the Hawaiians
had lung diseases, they ate noni."

422
00:23:39,501 --> 00:23:40,920
And she took me to a noni tree

423
00:23:41,003 --> 00:23:42,796
because noni used to grow everywhere,

424
00:23:43,505 --> 00:23:46,759
and I started eating nonis
and I haven't stopped.

425
00:23:46,842 --> 00:23:48,636
I have been eating nonis
for 50 years now

426
00:23:48,719 --> 00:23:51,013
I am a way into eating noni.
I eat it every morning.

427
00:23:51,138 --> 00:23:52,181
That's amazing.

428
00:23:52,264 --> 00:23:55,100
So you were near death, it sounds like.

429
00:23:55,184 --> 00:23:57,186
I have been near death many times.

430
00:23:57,269 --> 00:23:59,563
I have had just about every disease
you can think of

431
00:23:59,647 --> 00:24:01,899
and I just lay down on the ground
and go through it.

432
00:24:01,982 --> 00:24:02,982
I don't go to doctors.

433
00:24:03,025 --> 00:24:05,736
I am sure John told you all about taro
and how beautiful it is.

434
00:24:05,819 --> 00:24:07,988
This is the only hypoallergenic
food in the world.

435
00:24:08,072 --> 00:24:10,240
You can give this to a baby, a day old.

436
00:24:10,324 --> 00:24:12,701
If they have a milk allergy
to their own mother's milk,

437
00:24:12,785 --> 00:24:14,620
give it to a baby
and it will sustain them.

438
00:24:16,288 --> 00:24:17,539
That's the stuff.

439
00:24:17,623 --> 00:24:20,042
My name is Connor Garrett,
I am from Naples, Florida.

440
00:24:20,125 --> 00:24:22,127
I am living here on Ginger John's farm.

441
00:24:22,211 --> 00:24:25,089
I initially came here
with the intention to do so

442
00:24:25,172 --> 00:24:27,341
and then move on,
go back to what I was doing,

443
00:24:27,424 --> 00:24:31,345
but now I've become
quite enveloped in this lifestyle

444
00:24:31,428 --> 00:24:33,973
and I don't really plan on going back
anytime soon.

445
00:24:34,223 --> 00:24:37,226
John is somebody
who will definitely blow your mind

446
00:24:37,309 --> 00:24:38,309
in a lot of ways.

447
00:24:38,560 --> 00:24:42,231
This tool is called the hodad,
my favorite tool.

448
00:24:42,648 --> 00:24:44,066
No, he does intensive farming.

449
00:24:44,149 --> 00:24:45,359
It's not like gardening.

450
00:24:45,442 --> 00:24:49,071
It's not anything in a hoop house
where you're spraying chemicals,

451
00:24:49,154 --> 00:24:51,240
and you get to prance around
in the flowers.

452
00:24:51,323 --> 00:24:53,158
You got to rip things out of the ground,

453
00:24:54,118 --> 00:24:55,285
beat the dirt off of them.

454
00:25:14,512 --> 00:25:15,556
Full bucket.

455
00:25:52,092 --> 00:25:53,302
Good to see you.

456
00:25:53,385 --> 00:25:55,345
I am glad you could make it.

457
00:25:56,138 --> 00:25:59,516
This is all yours,
this amazing estate here?

458
00:25:59,600 --> 00:26:00,684
- Sort of.
- Sort of.

459
00:26:00,768 --> 00:26:03,896
The bank owns some of it,
and my children own some of it,

460
00:26:03,979 --> 00:26:05,230
but this is a family farm.

461
00:26:05,314 --> 00:26:06,690
Can we have a tour first?

462
00:26:06,774 --> 00:26:07,816
Anything you wanna do.

463
00:26:07,900 --> 00:26:09,443
Yeah, let's have a tour and then...

464
00:26:09,526 --> 00:26:11,195
I pity the man that says no to you.

465
00:26:14,615 --> 00:26:17,159
How many acres do you have?

466
00:26:17,242 --> 00:26:19,453
We've got about 100 acres of soybeans.

467
00:26:19,536 --> 00:26:21,830
We just finished this field Monday,

468
00:26:22,456 --> 00:26:25,834
now this is the one we planted
after wheat that we dried...

469
00:26:25,918 --> 00:26:26,835
Right.

470
00:26:26,919 --> 00:26:28,378
This was the one we just planted,

471
00:26:28,462 --> 00:26:31,589
and the one that we're just finished
working on right now is...

472
00:26:32,341 --> 00:26:35,677
we call early beans
that we planted in May.

473
00:26:35,969 --> 00:26:38,347
Do you buy seeds
from Monsanto by the way?

474
00:26:38,430 --> 00:26:40,516
Monsanto Technology Card.

475
00:26:41,391 --> 00:26:42,518
My goodness.

476
00:26:43,018 --> 00:26:45,229
So the genetic modification
allowed us to use

477
00:26:45,312 --> 00:26:48,482
some simple applications of a herbicide,

478
00:26:48,565 --> 00:26:49,858
Roundup primarily.

479
00:26:49,942 --> 00:26:53,320
It can kill everything but the corn.
It can kill everything but the soybeans.

480
00:26:53,403 --> 00:26:55,572
Our cost went down
and it was easier to farm,

481
00:26:55,656 --> 00:26:57,074
and it was easier to maintain.

482
00:26:57,157 --> 00:26:59,201
We just have, like,
a smorgasbord of chemicals

483
00:26:59,284 --> 00:27:00,994
we were trying to pick out what to use.

484
00:27:01,078 --> 00:27:03,705
So you have to make a cocktail mixture
of what to apply

485
00:27:03,789 --> 00:27:06,041
to kill the weeds
that were chocking the crop.

486
00:27:06,125 --> 00:27:07,334
Roundup took it all.

487
00:27:07,584 --> 00:27:11,004
You can imagine that anything
that is engineered

488
00:27:11,088 --> 00:27:13,715
to kill off bacteria in the soil

489
00:27:13,799 --> 00:27:15,467
is gonna do the same thing in our gut,

490
00:27:15,551 --> 00:27:18,303
and pesticides and herbicides
do exactly that.

491
00:27:19,346 --> 00:27:22,182
They work the same way
as antibiotics work.

492
00:27:22,266 --> 00:27:24,184
They kill living things.

493
00:27:24,518 --> 00:27:27,688
So we're standing at the side
of the Century Experiment,

494
00:27:27,771 --> 00:27:30,941
which is a hundred-year
research experiment

495
00:27:31,441 --> 00:27:35,237
looking at the sustainability
of different agricultural systems.

496
00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:38,282
And so there is this contrast
between managing soil

497
00:27:38,365 --> 00:27:40,951
sort of like cookbook style,
following the menu,

498
00:27:41,034 --> 00:27:43,579
and you put in this and that
at this time,

499
00:27:43,661 --> 00:27:44,913
then you spray this.

500
00:27:44,997 --> 00:27:48,041
So it's pretty much a, you know,
a codified approach

501
00:27:48,125 --> 00:27:49,918
that you might get from an extension,

502
00:27:50,002 --> 00:27:54,631
as opposed to other farmers
who actually talk about farming the soil

503
00:27:54,715 --> 00:27:57,968
and they talk about having
a relationship with the soil.

504
00:27:58,051 --> 00:28:00,387
They talk about doing
as much for the soil

505
00:28:00,470 --> 00:28:01,972
as they are doing for their crops.

506
00:28:02,055 --> 00:28:04,224
They may even put
more emphasis on the soil

507
00:28:04,308 --> 00:28:06,935
because they feel like
if they take care of the soil

508
00:28:07,019 --> 00:28:08,604
then the crops are going to do fine.

509
00:28:08,937 --> 00:28:11,356
An organic farmer grows soil,

510
00:28:11,815 --> 00:28:12,816
it's light.

511
00:28:13,691 --> 00:28:15,485
A chemical farmer grows crops.

512
00:28:15,777 --> 00:28:17,695
So how do you put nutrients back in?

513
00:28:18,155 --> 00:28:21,575
So we will buy usually
commercial fertilizers.

514
00:28:21,699 --> 00:28:24,411
It's got earthworm in it. Hey, buddy.

515
00:28:24,661 --> 00:28:25,954
You are on camera.

516
00:28:27,331 --> 00:28:28,165
That's good.

517
00:28:28,248 --> 00:28:29,707
So if my crops don't do well,

518
00:28:29,791 --> 00:28:32,544
it's not 'cause of what I'm putting in,
it's 'cause of the soil.

519
00:28:32,628 --> 00:28:34,421
So we don't really know
where it sourced.

520
00:28:34,504 --> 00:28:35,589
Does that ever worry you

521
00:28:35,672 --> 00:28:37,715
that you're putting
all the stuff on your field

522
00:28:37,799 --> 00:28:39,593
from some foreign place?

523
00:28:39,676 --> 00:28:40,510
No, it doesn't.

524
00:28:40,594 --> 00:28:43,889
When you are locked into a system
that seems to be working,

525
00:28:44,848 --> 00:28:46,475
it's really hard to make the change.

526
00:28:46,975 --> 00:28:50,938
The whole agribusiness system
has separated this whole,

527
00:28:51,021 --> 00:28:53,482
and I think that's part of
what the local food movement

528
00:28:53,565 --> 00:28:56,902
a lot of what was going on,
how do we make that connectivity to it.

529
00:28:56,985 --> 00:29:00,155
And I don't know how
individually to bridge that gap,

530
00:29:00,697 --> 00:29:01,949
I don't know how to do it.

531
00:29:02,032 --> 00:29:03,325
I don't know my consumer.

532
00:29:03,659 --> 00:29:05,369
I have no connection whatsoever.

533
00:29:05,744 --> 00:29:07,996
My farming style
is to grow the food crops

534
00:29:08,080 --> 00:29:09,748
that have sustained civilization.

535
00:29:09,831 --> 00:29:10,958
When I sit down and eat,

536
00:29:11,041 --> 00:29:13,001
90 percent of what I eat
comes from this farm.

537
00:29:13,085 --> 00:29:14,586
I really feel like I am cheating.

538
00:29:14,670 --> 00:29:16,421
So where do you get your food?

539
00:29:16,505 --> 00:29:17,714
I go to the Kroger Stores.

540
00:29:18,215 --> 00:29:19,424
- Really?
- Yeah.

541
00:29:19,591 --> 00:29:22,302
You go and shop
in a grocery store for food?

542
00:29:22,386 --> 00:29:24,221
Sure. Every farmer does.

543
00:29:24,304 --> 00:29:25,847
I know very few

544
00:29:26,265 --> 00:29:30,435
who actually consume the food
on their own farm.

545
00:29:30,519 --> 00:29:34,731
The average food that we eat
travels about 1,500 miles.

546
00:29:34,815 --> 00:29:36,316
And a city like Rome, for example,

547
00:29:36,400 --> 00:29:39,319
has to import
5,000 tons of food per day.

548
00:29:39,403 --> 00:29:41,822
Can you imagine the fragility
of a system like that,

549
00:29:41,905 --> 00:29:43,573
the consequences of a system like that

550
00:29:43,657 --> 00:29:47,369
that it has on transportation energy
and greenhouse gases.

551
00:29:47,661 --> 00:29:51,123
I mean, things have to change,
and that's local agriculture,

552
00:29:51,206 --> 00:29:54,835
and much of our local agriculture
is founded in traditional agriculture.

553
00:29:55,127 --> 00:29:57,587
To feed a person in a developed world

554
00:29:57,921 --> 00:29:59,298
with commercial agriculture,

555
00:29:59,423 --> 00:30:02,175
we need about 12 barrels of oil

556
00:30:02,426 --> 00:30:03,593
per year per person.

557
00:30:03,677 --> 00:30:05,804
If we think about the moment

558
00:30:05,887 --> 00:30:08,765
in which the world produced
its peak of oil,

559
00:30:08,849 --> 00:30:13,103
that was about five barrels
per person, per year.

560
00:30:13,186 --> 00:30:17,774
There is not enough oil in the world
to sustain food production

561
00:30:17,858 --> 00:30:19,234
under the conventional model.

562
00:30:19,318 --> 00:30:21,903
It works 'cause it only works
in a small part of the world.

563
00:30:21,987 --> 00:30:23,530
Most farmers don't raise food.

564
00:30:24,156 --> 00:30:25,615
We don't know much about food.

565
00:30:26,325 --> 00:30:27,451
We know about product.

566
00:30:27,534 --> 00:30:29,745
I see some sadness in your eyes
when I say that,

567
00:30:29,995 --> 00:30:31,997
but I think it's a legitimate statement,

568
00:30:32,080 --> 00:30:35,292
is that we just don't have a way
to connect with that aspect.

569
00:30:35,375 --> 00:30:39,212
Organic farming receives,
in a country like the Netherlands,

570
00:30:39,296 --> 00:30:44,176
about ten percent of the funding
for agricultural research.

571
00:30:44,676 --> 00:30:46,887
Now, the Netherlands invests
in organic farming

572
00:30:46,970 --> 00:30:48,889
something like $4 million per year.

573
00:30:49,473 --> 00:30:54,603
A company like Monsanto invests
$900 million per year in research,

574
00:30:54,686 --> 00:30:56,563
and most of the governments in the world

575
00:30:56,646 --> 00:30:58,899
invest most of the money
in conventional farming.

576
00:30:58,982 --> 00:31:00,108
When I harvest a weed,

577
00:31:00,567 --> 00:31:03,153
I can put it under loan with USDA,

578
00:31:03,236 --> 00:31:06,698
I can at least get three quarters
of its market value

579
00:31:06,782 --> 00:31:07,824
the day I harvest it.

580
00:31:09,034 --> 00:31:12,037
So there's lots of incentives for me
to stay inside of the safety net.

581
00:31:12,120 --> 00:31:14,081
What you're telling me
is that the government

582
00:31:14,164 --> 00:31:16,541
is a lot more reliable customer for you?

583
00:31:17,042 --> 00:31:21,004
On the basic commodities
that we raise in this country,

584
00:31:21,088 --> 00:31:22,964
the feed grains, the wheat, the corn,

585
00:31:23,256 --> 00:31:26,385
and the government, through farm bills,
has provided a way

586
00:31:26,468 --> 00:31:30,764
to at least protect you
and have a marketing system.

587
00:31:30,847 --> 00:31:34,017
Although the gap in yields
between organic and conventional

588
00:31:34,101 --> 00:31:35,435
is only 20 percent,

589
00:31:35,519 --> 00:31:38,480
the gap in investments and research
is 100 percent,

590
00:31:38,563 --> 00:31:41,358
and yet without research,
without funding,

591
00:31:41,441 --> 00:31:44,152
organic farming is pushing
and coming closer

592
00:31:44,236 --> 00:31:45,529
to conventional farming.

593
00:31:45,612 --> 00:31:50,826
So the results, the progress made
per dollar invested in research is huge.

594
00:31:51,076 --> 00:31:52,076
It's a way of life.

595
00:31:52,452 --> 00:31:55,455
You live like a peasant,
you work like a slave,

596
00:31:55,539 --> 00:31:58,500
but you eat better
than any king ever ate.

597
00:31:58,959 --> 00:32:01,128
And the important part about that

598
00:32:01,211 --> 00:32:03,296
is that is your health insurance.

599
00:32:03,380 --> 00:32:06,383
I don't have a health insurance,
I don't have social security.

600
00:32:06,925 --> 00:32:07,759
I have this.

601
00:32:07,843 --> 00:32:11,012
Another cemetery on the farm
over there on the hillside

602
00:32:11,096 --> 00:32:12,931
and there's some Hentons
buried over there.

603
00:32:13,014 --> 00:32:14,224
This is one of the...

604
00:32:15,934 --> 00:32:18,937
Well, I figure that's my spot
about there at some point.

605
00:32:19,855 --> 00:32:21,898
I am curious to hear
what happens with you

606
00:32:21,982 --> 00:32:23,859
in the next couple of years, Hoppy,

607
00:32:23,942 --> 00:32:25,569
because I do believe maybe up...

608
00:32:25,652 --> 00:32:27,571
Hopefully you're gonna talk
to my daughter

609
00:32:27,654 --> 00:32:30,490
and she is gonna have
a whole new approach on this, okay?

610
00:32:31,116 --> 00:32:33,869
This is the generational shift,
this is gonna change.

611
00:32:36,997 --> 00:32:39,875
That statement about not growing food,

612
00:32:39,958 --> 00:32:41,501
that farmers don't grow food...

613
00:32:43,795 --> 00:32:46,298
was unbelievable to me.

614
00:32:46,590 --> 00:32:47,424
That was amazing.

615
00:32:47,507 --> 00:32:51,761
I mean, I just wrote a whole book
about farmers being healers

616
00:32:51,845 --> 00:32:54,806
and that they had
the health of their community

617
00:32:54,890 --> 00:32:58,852
as their primary concern.

618
00:32:59,811 --> 00:33:04,608
And I think that might be the case
for a small subset of farmers,

619
00:33:04,691 --> 00:33:07,110
but from what Hoppy was saying,

620
00:33:07,194 --> 00:33:09,905
that certainly isn't the case
for the majority of farmers.

621
00:33:10,155 --> 00:33:16,953
I see this as the single
largest health issue

622
00:33:17,037 --> 00:33:18,622
that is facing our country.

623
00:33:18,872 --> 00:33:23,835
Can growing food or growing products

624
00:33:25,170 --> 00:33:28,715
be something
that is net positive for us?

625
00:33:31,760 --> 00:33:32,886
Can it be healing?

626
00:33:33,803 --> 00:33:36,765
Last Sunday we told you
about a WHO report

627
00:33:36,848 --> 00:33:40,310
that listed several chemicals
as potentially cancer-causing,

628
00:33:40,393 --> 00:33:44,481
including glyphosate found in
the popular weed-killer Roundup.

629
00:33:44,814 --> 00:33:47,776
Now, in an interview for an upcoming
French documentary,

630
00:33:47,859 --> 00:33:51,738
a Canadian scientist has been caught
in an Erin Brockovich-like moment

631
00:33:52,155 --> 00:33:54,032
when he's asked to defend that chemical

632
00:33:54,115 --> 00:33:56,743
against links to cancer rates
in Argentina.

633
00:33:57,077 --> 00:33:58,077
Take a look.

634
00:33:58,620 --> 00:34:01,498
Do not believe glyphosate, in Argentina,

635
00:34:01,581 --> 00:34:03,333
is causing increases in cancer.

636
00:34:03,416 --> 00:34:05,877
You can drink a whole quart of it
and it won't hurt you.

637
00:34:06,253 --> 00:34:08,421
Yes, do you want to drink some?
We have some here.

638
00:34:08,505 --> 00:34:11,216
I would be happy to actually,
not really, but...

639
00:34:11,466 --> 00:34:13,260
- Not really?
- I know it wouldn't hurt me.

640
00:34:13,343 --> 00:34:15,345
If you say so, I have some glyphosate.

641
00:34:15,428 --> 00:34:16,680
No, I'm not stupid.

642
00:34:16,763 --> 00:34:19,766
Okay, so it's dangerous, right?

643
00:34:19,849 --> 00:34:22,060
No, but I know people
try to commit suicide with it

644
00:34:22,143 --> 00:34:23,478
and fail fairly regularly.

645
00:34:23,562 --> 00:34:24,938
Tell the truth, it's dangerous.

646
00:34:25,021 --> 00:34:26,856
It's not dangerous to humans.
No, it's not.

647
00:34:26,940 --> 00:34:28,942
So are ready to drink
one glass of glyphosate?

648
00:34:29,025 --> 00:34:30,026
No, I'm not an idiot.

649
00:34:30,777 --> 00:34:33,738
Even though this may look
disgusting to most people

650
00:34:33,822 --> 00:34:38,410
because this is really
kind of dirty looking,

651
00:34:38,910 --> 00:34:41,162
I know that the microorganism
living in here

652
00:34:41,246 --> 00:34:43,999
is the most beneficial one on earth,

653
00:34:44,082 --> 00:34:45,082
and so...

654
00:34:47,294 --> 00:34:49,254
I'm not afraid to take
a big drink of it,

655
00:34:49,337 --> 00:34:51,506
and super-probiotic,

656
00:34:52,757 --> 00:34:54,009
had a little bite to it too.

657
00:34:54,092 --> 00:34:56,970
And this is essentially the food
for the microorganisms

658
00:34:57,053 --> 00:34:58,346
when I put them out there.

659
00:35:00,807 --> 00:35:02,100
And this one is much better.

660
00:35:02,183 --> 00:35:06,479
For two years I was trying
to grow taro in these fields,

661
00:35:06,563 --> 00:35:10,317
and I have been growing
taro for about 40 years

662
00:35:10,400 --> 00:35:12,027
and I never had a problem.

663
00:35:12,110 --> 00:35:14,154
Yet I couldn't get a crop
to really grow.

664
00:35:14,237 --> 00:35:15,655
I was getting really discouraged.

665
00:35:15,739 --> 00:35:20,410
And then I heard about Master Cho
and Korean Natural Farming.

666
00:35:22,704 --> 00:35:25,332
Nature heals itself.

667
00:35:25,415 --> 00:35:28,627
Natural farming is about using nature's
material and processes.

668
00:35:28,710 --> 00:35:30,587
It's not about
adding nutrients directly.

669
00:35:30,670 --> 00:35:33,798
It's about supplying
the origin of nutrients

670
00:35:33,882 --> 00:35:39,763
so the crops have everything they need
to thrive.

671
00:35:39,846 --> 00:35:43,475
Even those who are new
to natural farming can do this

672
00:35:43,558 --> 00:35:46,353
by following simple instructions.

673
00:35:46,645 --> 00:35:49,272
It's kind of designed
for peasants like myself.

674
00:35:49,648 --> 00:35:51,733
And all these different things

675
00:35:51,816 --> 00:35:54,069
when combined in the right proportions

676
00:35:54,152 --> 00:35:57,781
make the microorganisms thrive
and bring them back to life.

677
00:35:57,864 --> 00:35:59,866
Microorganisms are inside of us.

678
00:35:59,949 --> 00:36:02,702
They are on our skin,
they are in our lungs.

679
00:36:02,994 --> 00:36:07,040
They are really what connect us
to the world around us.

680
00:36:07,540 --> 00:36:10,210
Nothing was growing,
there wasn't an earthworm here,

681
00:36:10,293 --> 00:36:15,298
and he had almost reintroduced
that fungal network

682
00:36:15,382 --> 00:36:16,716
into his soil here

683
00:36:17,258 --> 00:36:19,177
and the results have spoken themselves.

684
00:36:19,260 --> 00:36:21,471
Indigenous microorganisms

685
00:36:21,554 --> 00:36:25,308
are basically probiotics
for agriculture.

686
00:36:25,392 --> 00:36:31,106
IMOs are made by farmers
using the materials from that land

687
00:36:31,189 --> 00:36:34,609
and then fermenting it
and putting it back into the land

688
00:36:34,693 --> 00:36:39,280
where it can help the plants
and the fungi and all the above,

689
00:36:39,364 --> 00:36:41,866
soil and everything
that's there, thrive.

690
00:36:49,499 --> 00:36:50,499
Nice.

691
00:36:50,709 --> 00:36:53,128
If you have totally
white mold like this,

692
00:36:53,211 --> 00:36:56,965
it's an excellent IMO-1
that we cultivated.

693
00:36:57,215 --> 00:37:01,678
From this stage
you would collect all this into a jar

694
00:37:01,761 --> 00:37:05,974
and add equal amount
of sugar to the rice

695
00:37:06,349 --> 00:37:09,644
and so that way we will move it
to IMO-2.

696
00:37:10,895 --> 00:37:17,694
Our approach is based on letting
natural processes unfold.

697
00:37:17,777 --> 00:37:19,946
It's basically a philosophy
of non-interference.

698
00:37:20,029 --> 00:37:22,657
The emphasis is on creating
a healthy foundation.

699
00:37:22,741 --> 00:37:25,827
And then just observing
as Mother Nature does her work.

700
00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:28,621
We planted the red lettuces.

701
00:37:28,705 --> 00:37:31,082
I was spraying them
with the Korean Natural Farming,

702
00:37:31,166 --> 00:37:32,292
and then I guess,

703
00:37:32,375 --> 00:37:35,086
when I wasn't paying attention
I forgot the one at the end.

704
00:37:35,170 --> 00:37:38,089
Then I came back
and the other red lettuces

705
00:37:38,173 --> 00:37:40,216
are four times the size

706
00:37:40,300 --> 00:37:41,718
of the other red lettuce,

707
00:37:41,801 --> 00:37:43,678
and they were all planted
on the same day,

708
00:37:44,053 --> 00:37:46,264
except for the front half of the row

709
00:37:46,347 --> 00:37:49,684
received Korean
Natural Farming nutrients.

710
00:37:50,018 --> 00:37:52,145
Four inches deep...

711
00:37:52,228 --> 00:37:54,105
that this tester
can get into the ground,

712
00:37:54,397 --> 00:37:56,775
so this is a conventional practice.

713
00:37:57,066 --> 00:37:58,735
So this is six inches.

714
00:37:58,818 --> 00:38:01,654
I have about eight inches deep
in an organic plot.

715
00:38:02,238 --> 00:38:06,534
So I have scattered IMO for last season

716
00:38:06,785 --> 00:38:09,078
before we planted tomato in here.

717
00:38:12,540 --> 00:38:15,919
You can see that I get to a deeper level

718
00:38:16,252 --> 00:38:17,629
in this soil compaction.

719
00:38:18,213 --> 00:38:20,256
Now we can see how deep it gets.

720
00:38:21,090 --> 00:38:22,926
So this is 12 inches,

721
00:38:23,009 --> 00:38:25,261
I have it about 14 inches.

722
00:38:25,762 --> 00:38:30,058
So from four inches
in the conventional practice,

723
00:38:30,683 --> 00:38:32,519
eight inches in the organic,

724
00:38:32,602 --> 00:38:35,772
now we have 14 inches
in Korean Natural Farming.

725
00:38:36,022 --> 00:38:37,524
When you have a commercial plant,

726
00:38:37,607 --> 00:38:39,734
you have a very small root system

727
00:38:39,818 --> 00:38:41,694
because they're drug-dependent,

728
00:38:41,778 --> 00:38:43,363
so the roots don't have to travel.

729
00:38:43,446 --> 00:38:45,949
There is nothing for them
to go out there for, it's dead.

730
00:38:46,032 --> 00:38:48,618
It's a dead zone and they're just living
on these chemicals

731
00:38:48,701 --> 00:38:49,786
that have been fed them.

732
00:38:49,869 --> 00:38:53,081
If you're farming with microorganisms,

733
00:38:53,206 --> 00:38:55,291
you're doing a biological farming

734
00:38:55,375 --> 00:38:58,378
and you have a good population
of microbes in the soil.

735
00:38:58,461 --> 00:39:01,631
The root systems will grow
very far out, hundreds of feet.

736
00:39:01,714 --> 00:39:05,260
Korean Natural Farming,
what farmers are doing is recognizing

737
00:39:05,343 --> 00:39:07,554
that the microbes that are there

738
00:39:07,637 --> 00:39:10,056
on that farm and in that soil

739
00:39:10,139 --> 00:39:13,685
are really critical
to the life cycle of the farm

740
00:39:13,768 --> 00:39:15,228
and to the health of the plants,

741
00:39:15,311 --> 00:39:18,314
and to the health of the people
who eat those plants.

742
00:39:18,398 --> 00:39:20,191
I have a degree in Computer Science

743
00:39:20,275 --> 00:39:24,863
and decided to learn how to farm.

744
00:39:24,946 --> 00:39:26,906
With all the techniques you can pick,

745
00:39:26,990 --> 00:39:29,617
Korean Natural Farming
is like right on with the kids

746
00:39:29,701 --> 00:39:31,744
because every single thing
you use is edible,

747
00:39:32,996 --> 00:39:35,540
and so with the kids
I don't have to worry about them

748
00:39:35,623 --> 00:39:37,584
getting poison on them and eating it,

749
00:39:37,667 --> 00:39:39,460
or like getting in dangerous situations.

750
00:39:39,544 --> 00:39:41,921
They just... everything they can eat,
if they spill it,

751
00:39:42,005 --> 00:39:43,089
it's not a problem,

752
00:39:43,172 --> 00:39:45,341
it just goes into the ground,
makes things better.

753
00:39:45,425 --> 00:39:46,509
Now, right here,

754
00:39:47,468 --> 00:39:51,097
you are probably looking
at six billion microorganisms

755
00:39:51,180 --> 00:39:52,599
in this little chunk here.

756
00:39:52,682 --> 00:39:54,684
What Ginger John is practicing

757
00:39:54,767 --> 00:39:57,061
is basically complexity medicine,
you know,

758
00:39:57,145 --> 00:39:58,605
or complexity farming.

759
00:39:58,688 --> 00:40:00,690
- Can you see that white on your film?
- Yeah.

760
00:40:01,274 --> 00:40:03,693
That's the microorganisms
going to work here.

761
00:40:03,776 --> 00:40:07,697
The ones with the microorganisms
were flourishing,

762
00:40:07,780 --> 00:40:10,241
They were twice as large, very green,

763
00:40:10,325 --> 00:40:11,576
the cups were full of roots.

764
00:40:11,910 --> 00:40:15,371
So right then we knew,
wow, what is this magic?

765
00:40:15,830 --> 00:40:17,957
In here is an IMO pile here.

766
00:40:18,041 --> 00:40:22,253
The first time that I started
applying my IMO to the land

767
00:40:22,337 --> 00:40:23,546
and I am dumping it out,

768
00:40:24,130 --> 00:40:26,633
I had this incredible feeling
of sovereignty

769
00:40:27,550 --> 00:40:29,260
that I was freeing myself

770
00:40:29,719 --> 00:40:34,682
from the need of spending
hard-earned money on anything

771
00:40:34,766 --> 00:40:36,184
that was being shipped over

772
00:40:36,559 --> 00:40:38,227
across the ocean from the mainland.

773
00:40:38,311 --> 00:40:40,563
A plant will put out a stress signal

774
00:40:40,647 --> 00:40:42,440
that it's lacking some kind of nutrient.

775
00:40:42,523 --> 00:40:44,692
It can be like boron
or magnesium or calcium.

776
00:40:44,776 --> 00:40:47,153
The fungus that are attached
to the roots of the plant

777
00:40:47,236 --> 00:40:48,905
will sense that imbalance,

778
00:40:48,988 --> 00:40:50,949
it can actually send a signal

779
00:40:51,324 --> 00:40:52,909
to an area that's rich

780
00:40:52,992 --> 00:40:54,661
and it will bring that to the plant.

781
00:40:55,036 --> 00:40:57,205
Some of them live in the rhizosphere,

782
00:40:57,288 --> 00:40:58,498
in the root of plants.

783
00:40:59,165 --> 00:41:02,502
Root of plants is extremely
complex environment

784
00:41:02,877 --> 00:41:05,463
because there are many,
many organisms living there.

785
00:41:05,755 --> 00:41:08,549
Some of them cooperate,
some of them compete,

786
00:41:08,883 --> 00:41:11,511
so they have to develop
in order to survive

787
00:41:11,594 --> 00:41:15,473
extremely sophisticated
social intelligence.

788
00:41:15,556 --> 00:41:18,059
Very much like human
in social intelligence,

789
00:41:18,142 --> 00:41:19,268
just more advanced.

790
00:41:19,352 --> 00:41:22,522
So it gave us an idea
what are the features

791
00:41:22,605 --> 00:41:24,941
that characterize social intelligence.

792
00:41:25,024 --> 00:41:26,776
Then I found that our own bacteria,

793
00:41:26,859 --> 00:41:28,194
the bacteria that I discovered

794
00:41:28,277 --> 00:41:31,364
fall in the standard deviation
above the average.

795
00:41:32,031 --> 00:41:33,241
So they are like Einstein.

796
00:41:33,324 --> 00:41:36,995
They have special circuits
to process the information

797
00:41:37,078 --> 00:41:39,497
and even engage in decision making,

798
00:41:39,580 --> 00:41:40,915
looking at the desert,

799
00:41:41,207 --> 00:41:44,669
the social bacteria like enormous soil

800
00:41:44,752 --> 00:41:46,629
on the integrity of Earth,

801
00:41:46,713 --> 00:41:49,215
because all these bushes
that you see here

802
00:41:49,716 --> 00:41:51,551
are connected underneath,

803
00:41:51,634 --> 00:41:53,803
so all these things that you see around

804
00:41:53,886 --> 00:41:56,431
has its one big network.

805
00:41:56,681 --> 00:41:58,224
It's super fun, it's almost...

806
00:41:58,307 --> 00:41:59,684
like I am way too scientific.

807
00:41:59,767 --> 00:42:01,978
At first I was like,
no, that's some hippy stuff.

808
00:42:02,478 --> 00:42:04,522
No, it's real, it happens,

809
00:42:04,605 --> 00:42:06,024
and it's part of healthy soil.

810
00:42:06,107 --> 00:42:08,151
You'll never see it
in conventional agriculture.

811
00:42:08,234 --> 00:42:10,945
One of the things I have been
studying is Soil Biology

812
00:42:11,029 --> 00:42:13,156
with a 400 power microscope,

813
00:42:13,239 --> 00:42:17,452
and with that I'm able to see
the beneficial fungus and bacteria,

814
00:42:17,535 --> 00:42:21,289
and very quickly quantitatively decide
if I'm doing it right or not.

815
00:42:21,372 --> 00:42:24,792
All throughout this sample
of the beneficial microorganisms

816
00:42:24,876 --> 00:42:26,461
I am finding nice fungus

817
00:42:26,544 --> 00:42:29,088
and I am finding much more
of biodiversity.

818
00:42:29,172 --> 00:42:33,301
They are the ones who are harvesting
nutrients from the soil

819
00:42:33,384 --> 00:42:35,970
and passing them on
to the roots of the plants,

820
00:42:36,304 --> 00:42:38,264
we're then passing them on to us.

821
00:42:38,556 --> 00:42:40,641
Scientist have now discovered
important clues

822
00:42:40,725 --> 00:42:43,311
about the role of so-called
good bacteria.

823
00:42:43,394 --> 00:42:45,354
A new study
in the journal Nature

824
00:42:45,438 --> 00:42:49,275
finds that people without certain microbes
are more likely to be obese

825
00:42:49,358 --> 00:42:51,861
and to have diabetes
or other serious health problems.

826
00:42:51,944 --> 00:42:54,030
The fascinating thing
about the human microbiome

827
00:42:54,113 --> 00:42:58,201
is that we now realize
there is an entire organ inside of us

828
00:42:58,284 --> 00:43:01,913
that until about five or ten years ago
nobody even thought about

829
00:43:01,996 --> 00:43:04,332
and all the medical theories
about health and disease

830
00:43:04,415 --> 00:43:06,084
have been made without that organ.

831
00:43:06,375 --> 00:43:09,212
Its a mass of cells that weighs
about the same as your brain

832
00:43:09,295 --> 00:43:12,048
but it has more genes, more cells,

833
00:43:12,131 --> 00:43:14,550
arguably more connections,
and more complexity,

834
00:43:14,634 --> 00:43:17,386
and replacing physiologically
well defined roles,

835
00:43:17,470 --> 00:43:20,389
we're just beginning to understand
what all those roles are.

836
00:43:20,473 --> 00:43:22,475
It's not an insubstantial organ

837
00:43:22,558 --> 00:43:26,062
because it has composed
of 100 trillion cells,

838
00:43:26,145 --> 00:43:27,438
these are ten times more cells

839
00:43:27,522 --> 00:43:30,441
than an entire repertoire
of human cells.

840
00:43:30,525 --> 00:43:32,110
There is so much excitement about it

841
00:43:32,193 --> 00:43:35,655
'cause it turns out most of our genes
are not human genes but microbial genes.

842
00:43:35,738 --> 00:43:39,325
There is something going on inside of us
that is very exciting, mysterious,

843
00:43:39,408 --> 00:43:41,953
and people are now
shifting their attitude

844
00:43:42,036 --> 00:43:43,246
towards understanding this,

845
00:43:43,329 --> 00:43:46,791
implicating the microbiome
in virtually every function of the body.

846
00:43:46,874 --> 00:43:48,417
They are doing all kinds of things.

847
00:43:48,501 --> 00:43:50,378
We have no idea
what they were involved with

848
00:43:50,461 --> 00:43:51,461
until very recently.

849
00:43:51,504 --> 00:43:53,798
Everything from affecting
how we process our diet

850
00:43:53,881 --> 00:43:56,259
to how we respond to different drugs,

851
00:43:56,342 --> 00:43:59,095
even to things like how we resist
different kinds of diseases.

852
00:43:59,178 --> 00:44:01,514
One of the more intriguing things
about the microbiome

853
00:44:01,597 --> 00:44:04,058
is its possible role in human obesity.

854
00:44:04,517 --> 00:44:07,603
Millions of microbes
that live in the guts of slim people

855
00:44:07,687 --> 00:44:09,814
could be turned into potential
fat fighters

856
00:44:09,897 --> 00:44:11,899
to help the nation's obesity epidemic,

857
00:44:11,983 --> 00:44:13,151
according to a new study.

858
00:44:13,234 --> 00:44:17,196
They have taken stool material
from lean and obese twins

859
00:44:17,280 --> 00:44:19,407
so they are twin humans,

860
00:44:19,490 --> 00:44:22,118
and if you take the stool
from the obese twin

861
00:44:22,201 --> 00:44:23,619
and give it to a mouse,

862
00:44:23,703 --> 00:44:25,746
that mouse will become fat,

863
00:44:25,830 --> 00:44:27,665
and if you take the stool
from a lean twin

864
00:44:27,748 --> 00:44:30,251
and give it to a different mouse,
that mouse stays thin.

865
00:44:30,334 --> 00:44:31,878
What's really important about that

866
00:44:31,961 --> 00:44:34,672
is that the two mice they eat the same,
they exercise the same.

867
00:44:34,755 --> 00:44:36,424
So the only factor that was different

868
00:44:36,507 --> 00:44:38,176
was the microbiome that they received.

869
00:44:38,259 --> 00:44:41,929
They are not just sitting there
as inactive bystanders.

870
00:44:42,013 --> 00:44:44,348
They produce many chemicals

871
00:44:44,432 --> 00:44:47,226
that are very similar
to the neurotransmitters

872
00:44:47,310 --> 00:44:49,937
that our brain uses.
They talk to our immune cells,

873
00:44:50,021 --> 00:44:52,607
they talk to various cells
within our gut.

874
00:44:52,689 --> 00:44:57,737
The reason that has truly
caught the imagination of people

875
00:44:57,820 --> 00:45:01,365
is this idea that we are host
to all these creatures,

876
00:45:01,824 --> 00:45:04,452
and those internal bacteria
we're discovering

877
00:45:04,535 --> 00:45:09,040
or maybe as important
as our own DNA in our own cells

878
00:45:09,123 --> 00:45:11,876
when it comes to determining our mood,

879
00:45:11,959 --> 00:45:13,586
how we process food,

880
00:45:13,836 --> 00:45:15,546
how our immune system works.

881
00:45:28,851 --> 00:45:30,727
When I was a kid
I was a huge germophobe.

882
00:45:30,811 --> 00:45:33,730
One of the things that we learned
is, you know, they're not...

883
00:45:33,814 --> 00:45:36,776
most of them aren't germs,
most of them aren't bad.

884
00:45:37,151 --> 00:45:39,528
So if you eat a little dirt
it's not gonna hurt.

885
00:45:39,612 --> 00:45:42,782
We're, you know,
introducing diversity to ourselves

886
00:45:42,865 --> 00:45:44,700
and that diversity,
especially as children,

887
00:45:44,784 --> 00:45:45,785
is so important

888
00:45:46,160 --> 00:45:48,496
for helping our immune system
develop properly.

889
00:45:48,579 --> 00:45:51,624
So now I'm not so worried
about touching door handles

890
00:45:51,707 --> 00:45:54,710
or getting my hands dirty,

891
00:45:54,794 --> 00:45:58,047
because I know that I'm just increasing
the diversity of my microbes.

892
00:45:58,130 --> 00:45:59,590
That's pretty good for my health.

893
00:45:59,840 --> 00:46:03,094
Having a dog is one of the best
evidence-based things that you can do

894
00:46:03,511 --> 00:46:06,472
in terms of reducing the rates
of allergies later on.

895
00:46:06,763 --> 00:46:11,435
There is much our inheritance
as the genes in our chromosomes are

896
00:46:11,519 --> 00:46:13,770
and yet much of the way
we live nowadays,

897
00:46:13,854 --> 00:46:15,982
we seem to be trying
to stop transmission

898
00:46:16,274 --> 00:46:18,109
of mother's microbes to the baby.

899
00:46:18,192 --> 00:46:20,528
We need to transmit the microbiota
to the baby.

900
00:46:20,777 --> 00:46:22,697
Everyone assumes
that breast milk is sterile,

901
00:46:22,779 --> 00:46:24,699
but not only is it not sterile,

902
00:46:24,781 --> 00:46:28,035
there is a biological mechanism
to ensure that it is not,

903
00:46:28,119 --> 00:46:30,496
and there are organisms
being picked up from the guts,

904
00:46:30,579 --> 00:46:33,541
transported in the blood,
and put into breast milk.

905
00:46:33,624 --> 00:46:35,710
One has to guess
that those are the organisms

906
00:46:35,792 --> 00:46:38,045
that is quite difficult
to get from the maternal gut

907
00:46:38,129 --> 00:46:39,839
into the baby's gut in other ways,

908
00:46:40,256 --> 00:46:42,675
and mother's milk
contains a succession

909
00:46:42,758 --> 00:46:44,385
of interesting polysaccharides

910
00:46:44,468 --> 00:46:46,846
produced at different stages
during lactation,

911
00:46:47,430 --> 00:46:48,973
which act as a growth factor

912
00:46:49,056 --> 00:46:52,226
for the organisms that need
to be developing in the baby's gut

913
00:46:52,310 --> 00:46:54,937
at each stage after birth.

914
00:46:55,187 --> 00:46:58,316
So we do seem to be trying to block
this essential transmission

915
00:46:58,399 --> 00:47:00,151
of the microbiota
in the next generation.

916
00:47:00,234 --> 00:47:01,485
We come out the regular way.

917
00:47:01,569 --> 00:47:03,112
As you pass through the birth canal

918
00:47:03,195 --> 00:47:06,490
you are coated with a particular
set of microbes from your mother,

919
00:47:06,574 --> 00:47:08,951
whereas if you are delivered
by C-section instead,

920
00:47:09,035 --> 00:47:10,619
you miss out on that inoculation

921
00:47:10,703 --> 00:47:14,040
and essentially what you pick up
is skin microbes from other people

922
00:47:14,165 --> 00:47:17,126
or possibly from dust
flushing around in the air.

923
00:47:17,501 --> 00:47:19,836
All of these things
are limiting the transmission

924
00:47:20,212 --> 00:47:21,630
of the microbiota,

925
00:47:21,714 --> 00:47:23,716
which is part of the family's heritage,

926
00:47:23,799 --> 00:47:25,468
part of the genetics of the family.

927
00:47:25,551 --> 00:47:27,094
The reason why this is important

928
00:47:27,178 --> 00:47:29,096
is 'cause if you are delivered
by C-section,

929
00:47:29,180 --> 00:47:31,474
you have higher rates
of a whole lot of diseases

930
00:47:31,557 --> 00:47:33,850
with immune complications

931
00:47:33,934 --> 00:47:37,271
including asthma, allergies,
atopic disease, even obesity.

932
00:47:37,646 --> 00:47:39,774
They really determine who we are.

933
00:47:39,856 --> 00:47:41,359
The bushes you see around

934
00:47:41,442 --> 00:47:43,652
is a colony of many microorganisms.

935
00:47:43,736 --> 00:47:47,907
We have also a colony
of many microorganisms.

936
00:47:51,202 --> 00:47:53,496
The art was part of the science

937
00:47:53,579 --> 00:47:55,414
and the science is part of the art.

938
00:47:55,498 --> 00:47:59,418
The coloring started
not really just to make art,

939
00:47:59,627 --> 00:48:02,380
but for us to capture different features

940
00:48:02,463 --> 00:48:04,799
in different motives in the pattern,

941
00:48:05,174 --> 00:48:09,136
because it seems like many secrets
are hidden there.

942
00:48:09,220 --> 00:48:13,182
So each time we do new experiment,
we find new patterns

943
00:48:13,265 --> 00:48:16,310
and I keep like a child, wow.

944
00:48:16,394 --> 00:48:18,187
Complexity of the pattern

945
00:48:18,521 --> 00:48:21,732
reflects the fact
that you have distribution of task,

946
00:48:21,816 --> 00:48:24,318
you have these dots
on the colony that you see.

947
00:48:24,652 --> 00:48:26,737
There are tens of thousands,

948
00:48:26,821 --> 00:48:29,323
hundreds of thousands of bacteria
that connect together,

949
00:48:29,407 --> 00:48:31,992
they hold hands and they dance together,

950
00:48:32,076 --> 00:48:33,077
they circle around,

951
00:48:33,160 --> 00:48:36,664
and they pave the way to the colony
to move on hard surfaces.

952
00:48:36,747 --> 00:48:40,584
When you have a complex pattern,
when the environment changes

953
00:48:40,668 --> 00:48:42,837
and in the soil, the environment changes,

954
00:48:42,919 --> 00:48:47,007
they can change the shape,
change the mix, make up of the colony,

955
00:48:47,091 --> 00:48:48,634
and adapt to the new conditions.

956
00:48:48,717 --> 00:48:50,803
This is mother nature,

957
00:48:50,886 --> 00:48:54,181
it's the microorganisms in the soil,

958
00:48:54,265 --> 00:48:58,894
and that's what makes all of the globe
one big organism.

959
00:48:59,353 --> 00:49:01,897
Restoring this and rejuvenating back

960
00:49:01,981 --> 00:49:05,067
to growing your own
beneficial microorganisms

961
00:49:05,151 --> 00:49:08,654
and reinoculating them
into the environment

962
00:49:09,113 --> 00:49:14,326
is really the only way to turn the page
into heal our forest, to heal our ocean,

963
00:49:14,410 --> 00:49:16,328
and the systems that keep us alive.

964
00:49:16,662 --> 00:49:18,706
On an ordinary day out in a...

965
00:49:18,789 --> 00:49:21,250
out walking in the park or something,

966
00:49:21,333 --> 00:49:25,129
there might be maybe a 100,000
organisms per cubic meter of air.

967
00:49:25,796 --> 00:49:27,840
But if you are out there
with your brush-cutter

968
00:49:27,923 --> 00:49:29,341
on a summer's day

969
00:49:29,425 --> 00:49:30,967
or if you're in a cowshed,

970
00:49:31,051 --> 00:49:32,803
you're up to hundreds of millions.

971
00:49:33,304 --> 00:49:35,473
You're taking an enormous
number of organisms

972
00:49:35,556 --> 00:49:37,099
from the natural environment.

973
00:49:37,183 --> 00:49:39,018
Our bodies are not islands.

974
00:49:39,602 --> 00:49:42,021
We are very porous creatures

975
00:49:42,104 --> 00:49:45,107
who are constantly
exchanging information

976
00:49:45,232 --> 00:49:48,402
and exchanging DNA
with the environment around us,

977
00:49:48,694 --> 00:49:51,363
and as we go on this adventure

978
00:49:51,447 --> 00:49:55,242
to discover what makes us healthy
and what keeps us in balance

979
00:49:55,784 --> 00:49:57,745
that has to be part of the equation.

980
00:49:57,828 --> 00:50:00,748
It's sort of these
microscopic influences

981
00:50:00,831 --> 00:50:03,709
that have a huge amount to do
with our well-being.

982
00:50:04,043 --> 00:50:06,295
So there, we're beginning
to have real evidence,

983
00:50:06,378 --> 00:50:07,796
real hard evidence,

984
00:50:07,880 --> 00:50:12,134
that exposure to the green environment
is doing things to our immune systems

985
00:50:12,218 --> 00:50:15,054
which is relevant to how
our immune systems function,

986
00:50:15,137 --> 00:50:17,139
which is therefore relevant
to human health.

987
00:50:17,223 --> 00:50:19,892
The problem is we don't live
in either a natural

988
00:50:19,975 --> 00:50:21,519
or an urban environment anymore.

989
00:50:21,644 --> 00:50:22,561
We live indoors.

990
00:50:22,645 --> 00:50:24,605
To think that we have evolved

991
00:50:24,688 --> 00:50:27,816
with a contact with nature
for tens of millennium,

992
00:50:28,609 --> 00:50:33,029
and to think that moving ourselves
to a profoundly artificial environment

993
00:50:33,113 --> 00:50:34,657
have no consequences,

994
00:50:34,990 --> 00:50:37,243
I think it would be willfully naive
to believe that.

995
00:50:37,326 --> 00:50:41,330
As of 2008, more people live in cities
than in the countryside,

996
00:50:41,413 --> 00:50:42,414
all around the world.

997
00:50:42,748 --> 00:50:45,751
That's the first time in human history.

998
00:50:45,834 --> 00:50:49,547
It raises big questions
about the future of our cities.

999
00:50:49,630 --> 00:50:53,759
It raises huge questions about
the future of the human race.

1000
00:50:53,842 --> 00:50:55,386
That means one or two things.

1001
00:50:55,469 --> 00:50:58,222
Either the human species
will continue to lose

1002
00:50:58,305 --> 00:51:00,474
whatever connection
to nature it still has,

1003
00:51:00,558 --> 00:51:02,685
or it means beginning
of a new kind of city.

1004
00:51:03,102 --> 00:51:05,646
If you're interested in trees
and how they benefit people,

1005
00:51:05,729 --> 00:51:08,148
and ultimately you realize the trees

1006
00:51:08,232 --> 00:51:10,401
that give the greatest benefit
are in cities,

1007
00:51:10,484 --> 00:51:11,652
they are near the people.

1008
00:51:11,735 --> 00:51:13,404
The paradox of an urban society,

1009
00:51:13,487 --> 00:51:16,031
we get most of our interaction
with the natural environment

1010
00:51:16,115 --> 00:51:17,199
in an urban environment.

1011
00:51:17,283 --> 00:51:20,828
The Atlantic did an interesting piece
about this research

1012
00:51:21,245 --> 00:51:23,414
and they had a somewhat
provocative title,

1013
00:51:24,373 --> 00:51:26,041
it's "When Trees Die, People Die."

1014
00:51:26,125 --> 00:51:28,711
Where there are trees,
with the nicest trees in urban areas,

1015
00:51:28,794 --> 00:51:31,338
there are also the people
who tend to be whiter, wealthier,

1016
00:51:31,422 --> 00:51:33,257
they're educated,
they're more privileged,

1017
00:51:33,340 --> 00:51:36,302
they are going to people who are gonna
tend to have health outcomes.

1018
00:51:36,385 --> 00:51:38,304
I am trying to disentangle
that relationship.

1019
00:51:38,387 --> 00:51:39,930
It can be tricky.

1020
00:51:40,014 --> 00:51:41,890
The cold weather
nothing compared

1021
00:51:41,974 --> 00:51:44,310
to what the Emerald Ash Borer can do.

1022
00:51:44,393 --> 00:51:46,812
This tiny bug is eating its way
through trees

1023
00:51:46,895 --> 00:51:49,690
and destroying landscapes
all across Western New York.

1024
00:51:49,773 --> 00:51:51,233
Let's see what happens

1025
00:51:51,317 --> 00:51:53,611
when the Emerald Ash Borer
spreads out from Detroit

1026
00:51:53,694 --> 00:51:55,487
and see if there are health
consequences.

1027
00:51:55,571 --> 00:51:56,989
I looked at two causes of death,

1028
00:51:57,072 --> 00:52:00,367
cardiovascular disease
and then lower, a respiratory disease.

1029
00:52:00,451 --> 00:52:04,622
We did see increased levels
of these two types of diseases

1030
00:52:04,705 --> 00:52:07,041
in counties that were infested
with Emerald Ash Borer.

1031
00:52:07,123 --> 00:52:09,251
There was a bigger impact
in wealthier counties.

1032
00:52:09,335 --> 00:52:11,337
If trees are good for you,

1033
00:52:11,420 --> 00:52:13,213
and we know
that those wealthier counties

1034
00:52:13,297 --> 00:52:14,590
are gonna have more of them,

1035
00:52:14,673 --> 00:52:17,509
then killing those trees
should have a bigger health impact

1036
00:52:17,593 --> 00:52:18,927
and that's indeed what we saw.

1037
00:52:19,011 --> 00:52:22,848
People who are at the bottom end
of the socioeconomic scale

1038
00:52:22,931 --> 00:52:24,808
and are not close to green space

1039
00:52:24,892 --> 00:52:28,896
are about twice as likely to die
in that five-year period

1040
00:52:28,979 --> 00:52:32,191
as they with people
at the top of the socioeconomic scale,

1041
00:52:32,274 --> 00:52:34,318
as they get closer to green space.

1042
00:52:34,443 --> 00:52:36,779
So this difference
between the top and the bottom

1043
00:52:36,904 --> 00:52:39,031
of the socioeconomic scale
starts to disappear.

1044
00:52:39,114 --> 00:52:41,283
Most people who talk
in the environmental movement

1045
00:52:41,367 --> 00:52:43,535
talk about, you know,
the morality of it.

1046
00:52:43,619 --> 00:52:45,204
They are very stern.

1047
00:52:45,287 --> 00:52:47,956
We have to protect nature
because it's the right thing to do.

1048
00:52:48,332 --> 00:52:49,708
Well, I am an economist.

1049
00:52:49,792 --> 00:52:53,169
I study selfishness,
and what I understand is that, you know,

1050
00:52:53,253 --> 00:52:55,255
scolding people do things
ain't very effective.

1051
00:52:55,339 --> 00:52:57,007
The type of stuff I do in other people

1052
00:52:57,091 --> 00:52:59,343
is showing that looking after
a natural environment

1053
00:52:59,426 --> 00:53:00,678
is profoundly self-interest,

1054
00:53:00,761 --> 00:53:02,721
and when you appeal
to people's self-interest

1055
00:53:02,805 --> 00:53:04,180
then that's a different matter.

1056
00:53:04,264 --> 00:53:05,766
You know, if you can show people

1057
00:53:05,849 --> 00:53:09,269
this is really in your best interest
to do that,

1058
00:53:09,353 --> 00:53:11,355
then I think we are gonna see
some change.

1059
00:53:11,605 --> 00:53:15,401
Nature deficit disorder
is not a known medical diagnosis.

1060
00:53:15,484 --> 00:53:19,238
Basically what it is, is a metaphor
to describe the harm

1061
00:53:19,321 --> 00:53:21,240
that comes to the human species

1062
00:53:21,323 --> 00:53:24,243
when it doesn't have much connection
to the natural world.

1063
00:53:24,326 --> 00:53:26,286
And the way to show that
is not by saying,

1064
00:53:26,370 --> 00:53:28,580
"This kid has nature deficit disorder

1065
00:53:28,664 --> 00:53:31,375
and this kid exhibits these symptoms."

1066
00:53:31,458 --> 00:53:34,002
You could do that,
but what I would rather do

1067
00:53:34,086 --> 00:53:37,256
is look at all this positive research
that's come out

1068
00:53:37,339 --> 00:53:41,051
and then ask, if that's connected
to the natural world,

1069
00:53:41,135 --> 00:53:43,429
what happens when you take
the natural world away?

1070
00:53:43,929 --> 00:53:45,013
Shouldn't every kid,

1071
00:53:45,097 --> 00:53:49,935
and in fact, I think every adult
have a right to the benefits

1072
00:53:50,269 --> 00:53:51,687
of being in the natural world.

1073
00:53:51,979 --> 00:53:54,940
Really what it gets down
to the small choices about, you know,

1074
00:53:55,023 --> 00:53:57,025
we plant a tree here,
we preserve a part here.

1075
00:53:57,109 --> 00:53:59,570
That's what's gonna really make
the day-to-day difference

1076
00:53:59,653 --> 00:54:01,237
in people's lives, I believe.

1077
00:54:01,321 --> 00:54:05,117
I was in a hotel room
one day in San Francisco

1078
00:54:05,200 --> 00:54:07,327
and I picked up one of those magazines

1079
00:54:07,411 --> 00:54:10,289
that you wonder
where they come from in the hotel rooms,

1080
00:54:10,372 --> 00:54:12,916
and I was flipping through it
and I looked at the back page

1081
00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:14,918
and there was this
black and white photograph

1082
00:54:15,002 --> 00:54:16,211
of a little boy on a beach.

1083
00:54:16,295 --> 00:54:18,630
He's running along
and his eyes are filled with life,

1084
00:54:18,714 --> 00:54:22,342
and the story next to this photograph
said this little boy had a problem.

1085
00:54:22,426 --> 00:54:24,386
He had the wiggles,
he couldn't sit still.

1086
00:54:24,470 --> 00:54:26,013
He was disruptive in class.

1087
00:54:26,096 --> 00:54:27,598
The school finally kicked him out.

1088
00:54:27,890 --> 00:54:30,434
The parents were upset, of course.

1089
00:54:31,018 --> 00:54:32,478
But they had been very observant.

1090
00:54:32,561 --> 00:54:36,982
They noticed
how a little bit of time in nature

1091
00:54:37,065 --> 00:54:40,819
helped their little boy
calm himself and focus.

1092
00:54:40,903 --> 00:54:43,155
So for the next ten years
they took their little boy

1093
00:54:43,238 --> 00:54:46,074
all over the great
western wilderness areas.

1094
00:54:46,158 --> 00:54:47,534
Now, the kid turned out okay.

1095
00:54:47,618 --> 00:54:49,620
The photograph was taken in 1906.

1096
00:54:49,703 --> 00:54:51,538
The little boy's name was Ansel Adams.

1097
00:54:52,247 --> 00:54:53,248
So here's a question.

1098
00:54:53,332 --> 00:54:55,751
What would have happened
if they had taken little Ansel

1099
00:54:55,834 --> 00:54:57,669
and put him in a chair
in front of a desk,

1100
00:54:57,753 --> 00:54:58,879
in front of a computer,

1101
00:54:58,962 --> 00:55:00,130
telling him to sit there,

1102
00:55:00,214 --> 00:55:01,757
take chess all day,

1103
00:55:01,840 --> 00:55:04,885
canceled recess,
which more and more schools are doing,

1104
00:55:04,968 --> 00:55:06,302
cancel field trips,

1105
00:55:06,386 --> 00:55:08,680
lengthen the school day,
lengthen the school,

1106
00:55:08,764 --> 00:55:10,140
and then given him Ritalin?

1107
00:55:10,224 --> 00:55:13,352
Would we have the gifts of nature
that Ansel gave us?

1108
00:55:13,435 --> 00:55:15,187
Would we have the political support

1109
00:55:15,270 --> 00:55:17,147
such as it is for the national parks

1110
00:55:17,231 --> 00:55:18,690
without his photographs?

1111
00:55:19,107 --> 00:55:22,945
How many little Ansels and Anselets
are out there right now

1112
00:55:23,028 --> 00:55:25,447
who can give us great gifts
in the future

1113
00:55:25,531 --> 00:55:27,741
if we give them the great gift
of nature now?

1114
00:55:28,033 --> 00:55:31,870
Kind of been slowly
peeling back the story

1115
00:55:31,954 --> 00:55:34,832
of what is ailing Hawaiians.

1116
00:55:34,915 --> 00:55:36,708
Finally this afternoon,

1117
00:55:36,792 --> 00:55:40,462
we started to get at a glimmer
of amazing hope

1118
00:55:40,963 --> 00:55:44,258
for how to heal by seeing these kids,

1119
00:55:44,340 --> 00:55:47,010
by reconnecting to that land

1120
00:55:47,094 --> 00:55:49,263
and really understanding
how to grow things,

1121
00:55:49,345 --> 00:55:52,683
and how to nourish themselves,
and how to nourish the soil...

1122
00:55:52,766 --> 00:55:54,893
Their soil can make themselves healthy.

1123
00:55:54,977 --> 00:55:57,187
Working with the kids
has been so powerful

1124
00:55:57,271 --> 00:56:00,941
because showing them
that the earth is alive at a young age

1125
00:56:01,024 --> 00:56:03,110
really will impact how they grow up.

1126
00:56:03,193 --> 00:56:05,237
Are they gonna be going
and buying Roundup?

1127
00:56:05,320 --> 00:56:08,824
Are they gonna be going out
to their soil and realizing it's alive

1128
00:56:08,907 --> 00:56:13,412
and really feeling that heart space
connection to caring for the land?

1129
00:56:13,495 --> 00:56:17,583
The kids here,
they need economic opportunity

1130
00:56:17,666 --> 00:56:19,751
and through this agricultural practices

1131
00:56:19,835 --> 00:56:21,670
where it's affordable to do,

1132
00:56:21,753 --> 00:56:23,672
where it's environmentally sound,

1133
00:56:24,464 --> 00:56:28,468
I believe it will give everyone
in this area a great opportunity

1134
00:56:28,552 --> 00:56:29,970
to have a great life

1135
00:56:30,053 --> 00:56:31,638
and to provide for their family

1136
00:56:31,722 --> 00:56:33,389
and to be happy everyday.

1137
00:56:33,473 --> 00:56:36,392
Until you started doing
this natural farming

1138
00:56:36,476 --> 00:56:38,437
and realizing that the earth is alive,

1139
00:56:39,146 --> 00:56:41,064
it changes your whole perspective.

1140
00:56:41,440 --> 00:56:43,567
It just made me
so much more conscientious

1141
00:56:43,650 --> 00:56:44,735
in every part of my life,

1142
00:56:44,818 --> 00:56:47,195
brought so much more respect
to the whole systems

1143
00:56:47,279 --> 00:56:50,657
that are naturally there
providing such abundance already.

1144
00:57:05,005 --> 00:57:06,465
So I went to the Marche region,

1145
00:57:06,798 --> 00:57:09,968
it's like a fantasy land
for agroecologists.

1146
00:57:10,052 --> 00:57:12,846
They have been farming
in these little plots

1147
00:57:12,930 --> 00:57:14,598
for hundreds of years,

1148
00:57:14,681 --> 00:57:16,725
ever since the Benedictines

1149
00:57:16,808 --> 00:57:19,061
who were like the original hippies,

1150
00:57:19,144 --> 00:57:22,230
who went there and started to create

1151
00:57:22,314 --> 00:57:25,192
these little farms
with their monasteries,

1152
00:57:25,275 --> 00:57:28,153
and the soil there is very healthy
and it's very beautiful.

1153
00:57:28,487 --> 00:57:29,780
Ninety-two.

1154
00:57:29,863 --> 00:57:31,448
Ninety-two?

1155
00:57:31,573 --> 00:57:33,325
You're 92 years old.

1156
00:57:42,960 --> 00:57:44,836
Bravo!

1157
00:58:09,695 --> 00:58:11,822
This is the basic belief
of the monastic life.

1158
00:58:11,905 --> 00:58:14,157
We pray at dawn
when the light is barely coming up.

1159
00:58:14,241 --> 00:58:20,914
You feel like you are a part of this
breath of the earth.

1160
00:58:20,998 --> 00:58:24,543
A rebirth.

1161
00:58:24,626 --> 00:58:29,006
This is a vital rhythm
for every one of us.

1162
00:58:29,131 --> 00:58:34,094
A rhythm that synchronizes you
with the earth as it breathes.

1163
00:58:34,177 --> 00:58:40,600
Our philosophy, above all, is
that we are stewards of creation.

1164
00:58:40,684 --> 00:58:45,605
That is to say, the caretakers
of the earth, which gives us everything.

1165
00:58:53,822 --> 00:58:55,198
When is someone healthy?

1166
00:58:55,282 --> 00:59:00,287
When that person acts and lives
and forgets about himself or herself.

1167
00:59:00,370 --> 00:59:03,874
It's also known
for being the place in Europe

1168
00:59:03,957 --> 00:59:06,043
that has the most centenarians,

1169
00:59:06,126 --> 00:59:08,420
people who are over a hundred years old.

1170
00:59:10,964 --> 00:59:14,092
In one year, we celebrated five people
turning 100,

1171
00:59:14,176 --> 00:59:19,598
which is a very high percentage compared
to the 38,000 residents.

1172
00:59:23,518 --> 00:59:30,484
I believe this is because our region
has always focused on

1173
00:59:30,942 --> 00:59:37,491
well-being through food and work.

1174
00:59:40,243 --> 00:59:43,205
It's not about preventing sickness...

1175
00:59:43,872 --> 00:59:47,667
but promoting health.

1176
00:59:48,210 --> 00:59:51,129
The main difference between the two
is this:

1177
00:59:51,546 --> 00:59:54,299
prevention tries to ward of disease.

1178
00:59:54,633 --> 00:59:57,260
While promotion seeks to maintain,

1179
00:59:57,344 --> 00:59:59,012
exalt, and increase health.

1180
01:00:00,806 --> 01:00:04,101
Most of all, our region has placed

1181
01:00:04,184 --> 01:00:08,772
great importance on agriculture.

1182
01:00:15,654 --> 01:00:20,742
There's this elder sister who gardens
with lots of love

1183
01:00:23,245 --> 01:00:28,166
and she talks to the plants.

1184
01:00:28,625 --> 01:00:34,798
She talks to the land, with the plants,

1185
01:00:35,132 --> 01:00:39,177
with tomatoes, with the flowers.

1186
01:00:40,011 --> 01:00:46,852
They're not people, but they might need
something, like more water...

1187
01:00:47,227 --> 01:00:53,400
or you may need to wait
before planting another seed.

1188
01:00:55,569 --> 01:00:58,029
They're fragile! Be careful!
The beans!

1189
01:00:58,113 --> 01:01:01,575
They're fragile! I am so sorry.
I don't want to hurt the beans.

1190
01:01:06,663 --> 01:01:07,789
I am sorry.

1191
01:01:13,003 --> 01:01:14,838
Hello. I am so honored.

1192
01:01:16,047 --> 01:01:18,466
This is a doctor who comes from America.

1193
01:01:18,550 --> 01:01:19,885
And?

1194
01:01:21,011 --> 01:01:23,722
Let's go so they can ask you questions
for a little bit.

1195
01:01:23,847 --> 01:01:27,392
What questions are they going to ask me?

1196
01:01:27,684 --> 01:01:30,145
Don't worry, you'll have a response.

1197
01:01:30,228 --> 01:01:31,813
What if I don't?

1198
01:01:31,897 --> 01:01:33,648
Then I'll tell it to you.

1199
01:01:33,732 --> 01:01:36,151
Come on and she'll give you the answers.

1200
01:01:40,113 --> 01:01:42,490
Let's go. Come on. Careful, come on.

1201
01:01:42,574 --> 01:01:44,910
She's moving faster than everybody else.

1202
01:01:55,003 --> 01:01:57,172
- How old?
- Ninety-six now.

1203
01:01:57,255 --> 01:01:58,840
This is how you live to be 96.

1204
01:01:59,674 --> 01:02:00,884
Right here.

1205
01:02:02,969 --> 01:02:04,554
You can see that she works.

1206
01:02:05,639 --> 01:02:06,932
Should I help? No?

1207
01:02:09,392 --> 01:02:10,810
She climbs that tree.

1208
01:02:10,936 --> 01:02:12,562
She climbs those trees?

1209
01:02:12,646 --> 01:02:13,647
- Yes.
- No.

1210
01:02:13,730 --> 01:02:15,774
She climbs
that tree to get fruit?

1211
01:02:15,857 --> 01:02:17,317
Yes, for taking the fruit.

1212
01:02:18,485 --> 01:02:20,403
Yes, you do, to pick the fruit!

1213
01:02:20,528 --> 01:02:21,947
No. There's isn't any now.

1214
01:02:22,072 --> 01:02:23,865
We know that there's no more.

1215
01:02:23,949 --> 01:02:25,492
Now it's finished, the fruit.

1216
01:02:25,575 --> 01:02:27,160
They are all down.
So she threw...

1217
01:02:27,244 --> 01:02:29,037
She threw down.

1218
01:02:29,120 --> 01:02:30,622
No more peach.

1219
01:02:30,705 --> 01:02:32,040
All that's left are apples.

1220
01:02:32,123 --> 01:02:33,875
Okay, we don't have to worry about her.

1221
01:02:33,959 --> 01:02:35,877
Where does this go?

1222
01:02:41,800 --> 01:02:47,931
You came here
when you were a child, right?

1223
01:02:48,014 --> 01:02:50,058
Yes, I was five.

1224
01:02:50,141 --> 01:02:52,310
This I haven't told you.

1225
01:02:52,394 --> 01:02:55,605
She always had a fever
and was sick as a child

1226
01:02:55,689 --> 01:02:57,732
so they sent her to a hospital,
all the way to Rome,

1227
01:02:57,816 --> 01:03:00,193
and they couldn't find
any medicine to cure her.

1228
01:03:01,152 --> 01:03:03,113
The Abbess wanted us to work,

1229
01:03:03,196 --> 01:03:05,490
but I thought she meant she wanted us
to visit the fields.

1230
01:03:05,949 --> 01:03:07,784
She thought she was visiting.

1231
01:03:07,867 --> 01:03:09,744
She didn't realize they had sent her
to work.

1232
01:03:10,036 --> 01:03:13,456
When you came and worked the earth,
you felt better, right?

1233
01:03:14,249 --> 01:03:15,083
Yes.

1234
01:03:15,166 --> 01:03:19,337
Because she's spent her whole life here

1235
01:03:19,421 --> 01:03:23,591
at the monastery dedicated to this work,

1236
01:03:24,009 --> 01:03:27,345
she knows everything
that has been put on this land.

1237
01:03:27,429 --> 01:03:28,972
She understands all of it.

1238
01:03:30,223 --> 01:03:32,642
What're you doing?

1239
01:03:32,726 --> 01:03:34,477
Why don't you get lost?

1240
01:03:37,439 --> 01:03:41,109
What I want to talk to you right now
is about what we have lost.

1241
01:03:41,192 --> 01:03:43,320
When we move away
from those little fields

1242
01:03:43,403 --> 01:03:44,988
in the Marche region,

1243
01:03:45,071 --> 01:03:47,073
what are the health things
that we have lost?

1244
01:03:47,157 --> 01:03:51,161
Because these are all parts
of argoecology, crop diversity,

1245
01:03:51,286 --> 01:03:53,663
perennials and native seeds,
traditional technologies,

1246
01:03:53,747 --> 01:03:56,082
soil vitality, community,

1247
01:03:56,166 --> 01:03:59,044
but what they really are is health.

1248
01:04:00,253 --> 01:04:02,922
I was operated on
because I had pancreatic tumor.

1249
01:04:03,006 --> 01:04:05,175
All the doctors asked,
"What are you still doing here?

1250
01:04:05,258 --> 01:04:08,178
Why aren't you already in heaven?"

1251
01:04:08,261 --> 01:04:11,473
- You had a tumor in your pancreas?
- Yes.

1252
01:04:11,556 --> 01:04:13,141
How long ago was that?

1253
01:04:13,433 --> 01:04:14,559
Nine years ago.

1254
01:04:15,226 --> 01:04:18,271
You had a pancreatic tumor
nine years ago?

1255
01:04:18,521 --> 01:04:23,568
Pancreas, stomach, liver,
gall bladder, intestines...

1256
01:04:23,902 --> 01:04:25,111
all over.

1257
01:04:25,487 --> 01:04:28,448
And I am still here
to be able to tell this story.

1258
01:04:28,531 --> 01:04:29,949
Are they studying you

1259
01:04:30,033 --> 01:04:32,410
or are they
from the scientific standpoint?

1260
01:04:32,494 --> 01:04:35,872
You are a miracle.

1261
01:04:36,915 --> 01:04:39,667
I'm here by the grace of God
that keeps me here.

1262
01:04:39,793 --> 01:04:42,545
But also thanks to my joyfulness
and desire to live in nature,

1263
01:04:42,921 --> 01:04:45,548
not just food, not just things,

1264
01:04:45,632 --> 01:04:50,095
but everything in our lives
is connected to nature.

1265
01:04:50,887 --> 01:04:54,265
Everything that I feel and experience...

1266
01:04:55,683 --> 01:04:59,687
contributes to my physical,
spiritual, and moral health.

1267
01:05:05,068 --> 01:05:06,945
Can you give us a rundown of this?

1268
01:05:07,028 --> 01:05:09,572
- Just give me one second, okay?
- Yeah.

1269
01:05:15,245 --> 01:05:17,914
Padre Giovanni just shared stuff

1270
01:05:17,997 --> 01:05:20,917
that was incredibly personal to him

1271
01:05:21,000 --> 01:05:24,629
and that I didn't get the sense
that he talks about it all the time,

1272
01:05:25,713 --> 01:05:28,383
and it affected me very deeply.

1273
01:05:28,466 --> 01:05:30,552
He just got so much of the crux,

1274
01:05:31,886 --> 01:05:34,722
what I am trying to understand
about those connections

1275
01:05:34,806 --> 01:05:38,017
between our bodies and the earth

1276
01:05:38,101 --> 01:05:39,936
and he is just living this every day.

1277
01:05:40,019 --> 01:05:44,357
For him it's his awareness,

1278
01:05:44,441 --> 01:05:46,443
it's his existence,

1279
01:05:46,943 --> 01:05:49,612
and that story about him

1280
01:05:49,696 --> 01:05:52,323
getting pancreatic cancer
nine years ago,

1281
01:05:52,407 --> 01:05:53,700
I mean, the life expectancy

1282
01:05:53,825 --> 01:05:58,496
from what sounds like he had
metastatic pancreatic cancer

1283
01:05:58,580 --> 01:05:59,664
he had in his gut,

1284
01:05:59,747 --> 01:06:02,125
and everything is three to six months,

1285
01:06:03,334 --> 01:06:06,212
and it's really amazing.

1286
01:06:06,296 --> 01:06:08,423
He said he did
all the medical treatments

1287
01:06:08,506 --> 01:06:11,468
but there was this
other side of what he did,

1288
01:06:11,551 --> 01:06:17,474
which possibly was the reason
that he's still with us

1289
01:06:17,557 --> 01:06:19,851
nine years later.

1290
01:06:23,271 --> 01:06:26,733
People talk about healing the earth,
the earth heals us.

1291
01:06:26,816 --> 01:06:28,735
Look around us and see the beauty.

1292
01:06:28,818 --> 01:06:32,405
I mean, every sunrise and every sunset,
every rain shower

1293
01:06:32,489 --> 01:06:36,326
and every breeze
and every cloud is so magnificent.

1294
01:06:36,409 --> 01:06:38,995
I mean, what more beauty
could there have been?

1295
01:06:39,787 --> 01:06:41,706
Even when we're living in a city

1296
01:06:41,789 --> 01:06:45,168
on the 30th floor
of a concrete high-rise,

1297
01:06:45,251 --> 01:06:47,670
we have to start to think of ourselves

1298
01:06:47,754 --> 01:06:50,673
as part of an agroecological cycle.

1299
01:06:50,757 --> 01:06:54,677
Only with that mentality
are we gonna actually leave something

1300
01:06:54,761 --> 01:06:56,596
for our children and our grandchildren.

1301
01:06:56,971 --> 01:06:58,097
Thank you.

1302
01:07:01,684 --> 01:07:04,062
So increasingly,
instead of saying "sustainable,"

1303
01:07:04,145 --> 01:07:05,730
I say, "nature rich."

1304
01:07:06,314 --> 01:07:08,358
What does a nature rich city look like?

1305
01:07:08,441 --> 01:07:11,736
A nature rich future,
a nature rich yard,

1306
01:07:11,819 --> 01:07:13,530
built with native species

1307
01:07:13,613 --> 01:07:15,490
that bring back
butterfly migration routes

1308
01:07:15,573 --> 01:07:16,866
and bird migration routes.

1309
01:07:16,950 --> 01:07:18,368
What does that future look like?

1310
01:07:18,451 --> 01:07:21,204
When you begin to use terminology
like a "nature rich city,"

1311
01:07:21,287 --> 01:07:23,998
people can see that in their minds,
and I can tell you,

1312
01:07:24,082 --> 01:07:26,501
particularly young people
resonate to that.

1313
01:07:26,584 --> 01:07:28,753
They want to go there,
they want to create that.

1314
01:07:29,128 --> 01:07:30,755
We humans are so arrogant

1315
01:07:30,838 --> 01:07:33,424
that we think the hypothesis
that we come up with

1316
01:07:33,508 --> 01:07:35,051
actually have anything to do

1317
01:07:35,134 --> 01:07:37,845
with the complexity
of the world around us.

1318
01:07:37,929 --> 01:07:40,848
So "ai" in Hawaiian means to eat,

1319
01:07:41,391 --> 01:07:42,850
means food,

1320
01:07:43,518 --> 01:07:45,395
means reproduction,

1321
01:07:47,272 --> 01:07:51,651
and then "na"
is in reference to the land.

1322
01:07:52,360 --> 01:07:54,779
So it's the land that feeds us.

1323
01:07:54,862 --> 01:07:57,323
You are the servant to the land.

1324
01:07:57,699 --> 01:08:01,035
So that land doesn't only mean land,
it also means the ocean.

1325
01:08:01,119 --> 01:08:02,495
Right? Everything in nature,

1326
01:08:02,579 --> 01:08:06,332
you are the servant to nature
in order to live.

1327
01:08:06,416 --> 01:08:09,836
There's a movement that is sometimes
called the new agrarians.

1328
01:08:10,211 --> 01:08:14,299
These are often young people
who are dedicated to organic farming

1329
01:08:14,382 --> 01:08:15,717
near a city or in a city.

1330
01:08:15,800 --> 01:08:17,552
They are changing their neighborhoods.

1331
01:08:17,635 --> 01:08:19,429
They are really dedicated

1332
01:08:19,512 --> 01:08:23,016
to creating a different kind
of food distribution.

1333
01:08:23,099 --> 01:08:25,143
The attitude that we're now developing

1334
01:08:25,226 --> 01:08:28,104
is a much more humble
and modest attitude

1335
01:08:28,187 --> 01:08:31,608
where we essentially say,
we really don't understand nature,

1336
01:08:31,691 --> 01:08:34,193
but we will listen to it
in an unbiased way

1337
01:08:34,277 --> 01:08:37,739
and will let the wisdom
and the intelligence of nature

1338
01:08:37,822 --> 01:08:40,575
tell us how it's working
and how it's operating.

1339
01:08:40,908 --> 01:08:44,871
So we're really starting to think about
how all these parts interconnect,

1340
01:08:44,954 --> 01:08:46,831
not just to keep the land healthy

1341
01:08:46,914 --> 01:08:48,916
and not just to keep the air healthy

1342
01:08:49,000 --> 01:08:50,418
but also to keep us healthy.

1343
01:08:50,668 --> 01:08:52,920
The big challenge of life in general

1344
01:08:53,004 --> 01:08:54,422
is trying to find balance

1345
01:08:54,505 --> 01:08:57,091
and once you find it,
trying to maintain balance,

1346
01:08:57,175 --> 01:09:01,554
it's not a goal that you achieve
and then that's it.

1347
01:09:01,638 --> 01:09:04,098
The balance is always gonna shift again

1348
01:09:04,182 --> 01:09:06,059
and then you'll have to regain
the balance.

1349
01:09:06,142 --> 01:09:08,269
It's something
that's constantly adapting,

1350
01:09:08,353 --> 01:09:11,773
constantly moving
with thousands of different variables,

1351
01:09:12,231 --> 01:09:14,734
and that, in fact, is balance.

1352
01:09:15,026 --> 01:09:18,071
Almost everything is organized
in interconnected systems,

1353
01:09:18,154 --> 01:09:20,948
from the simplest systems
to the most complex ones.

1354
01:09:21,032 --> 01:09:24,494
There is a natural law
that when systems organize,

1355
01:09:24,577 --> 01:09:27,538
they will obey one,
just like the law of gravity.

1356
01:09:27,622 --> 01:09:29,499
You can say
there is a higher intelligence

1357
01:09:29,582 --> 01:09:32,502
that used to design
to create the universe

1358
01:09:32,585 --> 01:09:35,963
by very beautiful, simple design
that is scalable,

1359
01:09:36,047 --> 01:09:39,008
that can be used
in tiny little networks of insects,

1360
01:09:39,092 --> 01:09:41,052
so ants talking to each other.

1361
01:09:41,135 --> 01:09:43,262
There's two ways of explaining it
as an engineer

1362
01:09:43,346 --> 01:09:44,889
or as a spiritual person,

1363
01:09:44,972 --> 01:09:47,767
and I think at the moment,
they are both equally valid.

1364
01:09:53,856 --> 01:09:55,942
Awareness of interconnectedness

1365
01:09:56,025 --> 01:09:58,152
is increasing in leaps and bounds

1366
01:09:58,236 --> 01:10:01,572
as the new age
of globalization accelerates.

1367
01:10:01,656 --> 01:10:03,616
Our civilization has evolved,

1368
01:10:03,700 --> 01:10:07,412
emphasizing the separation into parts
for too long,

1369
01:10:07,995 --> 01:10:12,083
on this realization
of unbroken wholeness,

1370
01:10:12,166 --> 01:10:14,669
our future may depend.