1 00:00:49,800 --> 00:00:53,440 If you ask an average parent, "Do you believe in Santa Claus?" 2 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:55,760 His answer would have been, "Of course not, I'm not crazy." 3 00:00:55,840 --> 00:00:58,760 I just pretend for the sake of my children. 4 00:00:58,840 --> 00:01:01,280 Now, when you ask the children, 5 00:01:01,360 --> 00:01:03,080 "Do you really believe in Santa Claus?" 6 00:01:03,160 --> 00:01:04,840 A normal child would have answered, 7 00:01:04,920 --> 00:01:07,760 "I'm not crazy. I know my parents are really buying the presents. 8 00:01:07,840 --> 00:01:09,120 But I pretend to believe 9 00:01:09,240 --> 00:01:12,520 not to disappoint my parents and to get the presents." 10 00:01:12,640 --> 00:01:13,760 And so on, and so on. 11 00:01:13,840 --> 00:01:15,560 So, you see the paradox here. 12 00:01:15,640 --> 00:01:19,360 No one, effectively, believes in the first person. 13 00:01:19,520 --> 00:01:22,240 Everyone claims, "I just pretend for another." 14 00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:25,400 But, nonetheless, the belief functions. 15 00:01:25,480 --> 00:01:28,360 It structures our social reality. 16 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:12,320 America the land of liberty 17 00:03:12,760 --> 00:03:16,400 For the right to live fearless and free 18 00:03:17,440 --> 00:03:19,040 - Left. No. - This one? 19 00:03:19,440 --> 00:03:20,600 No, no, no. 20 00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:22,480 -No? Come on. -That left one. 21 00:03:23,400 --> 00:03:24,240 Left. 22 00:03:24,480 --> 00:03:25,720 -This one? -No! 23 00:03:25,800 --> 00:03:27,200 -It's really pretty. -No. 24 00:03:28,440 --> 00:03:31,000 -No, please. -Okay! 25 00:03:31,520 --> 00:03:32,800 -Which one you want, this one? -Give me... 26 00:03:33,800 --> 00:03:34,600 Yes! 27 00:03:34,800 --> 00:03:37,160 But, you know, you really look very old in it. 28 00:03:37,240 --> 00:03:38,360 Thank you very much. 29 00:03:38,440 --> 00:03:39,440 Welcome. 30 00:03:43,080 --> 00:03:44,400 Everything's going to hell. 31 00:03:44,560 --> 00:03:45,760 I mean, NASA's changed. 32 00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:48,080 I mean, it's not the way it used to be as I remember it. 33 00:03:48,480 --> 00:03:52,440 Now, the Russians are putting people into space. Not us. 34 00:03:52,520 --> 00:03:54,560 We don't even know how to do it anymore. 35 00:03:54,640 --> 00:03:57,560 When Ivan and I worked there, we put a man on the moon. 36 00:03:57,640 --> 00:03:59,840 Now, the most exciting thing that happens is 37 00:03:59,920 --> 00:04:01,280 some guy jumps out of a balloon, 38 00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:03,440 drinking Red Bull. Come on! 39 00:04:03,520 --> 00:04:05,760 Do you think that's worth anything? That's worth nothing. 40 00:04:05,880 --> 00:04:07,000 Of course it's changed! 41 00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:09,240 It can get really cold in Eastern Europe, you know. 42 00:04:09,360 --> 00:04:10,560 You need any help on that? 43 00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:11,840 No, we're all right. 44 00:04:12,280 --> 00:04:15,320 I have no idea where he gets some of these housemaids. 45 00:04:15,800 --> 00:04:18,160 - He has good taste though. - He certainly does. 46 00:04:18,880 --> 00:04:20,560 You guys gonna go all the way with him? 47 00:04:20,640 --> 00:04:22,280 Yup. But the film crew, we're going... 48 00:04:22,360 --> 00:04:24,560 But they're going to be more people in Zagreb waiting for him. So. 49 00:04:24,640 --> 00:04:26,600 Well, I also mean, you know what you're getting into? 50 00:04:27,240 --> 00:04:29,120 - We think so. - Yeah. 51 00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:37,720 What happened to you? 52 00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:43,000 Some guy contacted me from the USA, 53 00:04:46,480 --> 00:04:48,000 claiming to be my father. 54 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:50,920 Ivan Pavić. 55 00:04:52,520 --> 00:04:55,440 You know, I've been living my whole life 56 00:04:56,880 --> 00:04:58,640 without a father. 57 00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:01,120 Thinking he was dead. 58 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:02,920 I mean... 59 00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:10,000 I was there at his grave with his mother. 60 00:05:29,160 --> 00:05:31,320 This will be a very interesting journey for you. 61 00:05:31,400 --> 00:05:32,880 Very interesting. 62 00:05:33,080 --> 00:05:35,640 I haven't been there in 50 years. 63 00:05:46,640 --> 00:05:48,480 Is Nataša coming to Pag Island? 64 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:50,480 Yes, we'll meet on the island of Pag. 65 00:05:50,560 --> 00:05:51,360 Great. 66 00:05:52,200 --> 00:05:55,280 -She's coming to Pag. -I'm looking forward to that. 67 00:05:55,440 --> 00:05:57,520 It's been arranged with her for sure, right? 68 00:05:57,720 --> 00:05:59,080 Yes, it's been arranged. 69 00:05:59,160 --> 00:06:00,080 Excellent. 70 00:06:12,640 --> 00:06:17,200 A lot of documents from the 1960s are only now being declassified. 71 00:06:17,560 --> 00:06:19,720 So, after 50 years, 72 00:06:20,320 --> 00:06:23,120 we're finally starting to get a clearer picture 73 00:06:23,600 --> 00:06:25,480 of what really happened in the 1960s. 74 00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:33,480 This is it. 75 00:06:34,280 --> 00:06:35,200 Just take this. 76 00:06:37,360 --> 00:06:39,000 Pretty hard to balance. 77 00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:41,200 -No glass inside? -No. 78 00:06:41,280 --> 00:06:42,400 Just watch your leg there. 79 00:06:43,040 --> 00:06:43,840 Oops. 80 00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:44,800 Here it is. 81 00:06:45,040 --> 00:06:45,840 This is it. 82 00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:48,760 This is what we're looking for. 83 00:06:50,760 --> 00:06:51,680 And there he is. 84 00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:53,920 That's Herman Potočnik Noordung. 85 00:06:54,120 --> 00:06:55,720 A Slovenian scientist. 86 00:06:55,800 --> 00:07:02,240 In 1929, he's writing a second book about space travel. 87 00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:06,400 Really, really radical, revolutionary ideas and very specific. 88 00:07:07,480 --> 00:07:10,320 But unfortunately he dies while he's writing his second book. 89 00:07:11,120 --> 00:07:14,120 And everything he'd been working on is lost. 90 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:19,760 So, when the Second World War is ending, 91 00:07:19,840 --> 00:07:21,880 Yugoslav Intelligence reveals 92 00:07:21,960 --> 00:07:25,040 the existence and location of these documents. 93 00:07:25,360 --> 00:07:27,800 They notify the head of the Yugoslav Communist Party, 94 00:07:27,880 --> 00:07:28,880 Josip Broz Tito. 95 00:07:28,960 --> 00:07:33,040 And they brief him about their potential importance. 96 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:38,360 Tito demands that the papers be examined by experts 97 00:07:38,480 --> 00:07:39,840 and they conclude that 98 00:07:39,920 --> 00:07:43,800 they consist of very detailed instructions about 99 00:07:43,960 --> 00:07:48,000 how to build a spacecraft that could possibly take a crew to the moon. 100 00:07:53,080 --> 00:07:55,560 Tito realizes that the papers could be 101 00:07:55,640 --> 00:07:59,880 a significant advantage for his new country-in-the-making. 102 00:07:59,960 --> 00:08:04,680 Which is about to be sandwiched between the Eastern and Western Blocs. 103 00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:23,120 So, Tito issues an order to start the Yugoslav space program. 104 00:08:36,840 --> 00:08:39,840 I became part of an engineering team 105 00:08:39,919 --> 00:08:43,520 that developed a module for a human crew 106 00:08:43,760 --> 00:08:46,040 for the Yugoslav space program. 107 00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:00,200 We saw that the Yugoslavs spent a lot of time 108 00:09:00,280 --> 00:09:03,760 looking for a dedicated location for testing. 109 00:09:03,840 --> 00:09:05,920 To test space technology. 110 00:09:06,920 --> 00:09:12,160 In the meantime, Yugoslavia was building this gigantic underground air force base. 111 00:09:12,240 --> 00:09:13,400 Object 505. 112 00:09:13,520 --> 00:09:15,400 So, it seemed like a perfect fit. 113 00:09:20,800 --> 00:09:24,240 I was assigned to a team of security officers 114 00:09:24,320 --> 00:09:27,360 for counterintelligence and protecting the program. 115 00:09:27,440 --> 00:09:30,000 We had to clear out a few villages, 116 00:09:30,080 --> 00:09:34,000 so that farmers wouldn't work in the area 117 00:09:34,080 --> 00:09:38,680 and that tourists or foreigners wouldn't have access to it. 118 00:09:54,640 --> 00:09:55,480 Let's go. 119 00:09:58,320 --> 00:10:02,400 I'll show you when we're in the tunnel. 120 00:10:03,280 --> 00:10:04,680 In the first 50 meters... 121 00:10:04,960 --> 00:10:06,600 The police are coming. 122 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:11,760 It's okay, this is standard procedure. 123 00:10:12,720 --> 00:10:14,240 As usual. 124 00:10:23,640 --> 00:10:24,880 You're from here? 125 00:10:24,960 --> 00:10:28,720 Yes. I was asked by the film crew to guide them 126 00:10:29,360 --> 00:10:31,000 through the underground object. 127 00:10:31,080 --> 00:10:33,600 I know the area here pretty well. 128 00:10:34,880 --> 00:10:35,960 What's this? 129 00:10:36,320 --> 00:10:37,640 You are... 130 00:10:38,120 --> 00:10:40,520 He's from the U.S. 131 00:10:40,600 --> 00:10:41,960 An American? 132 00:10:42,640 --> 00:10:44,040 And what's that camera for? 133 00:10:45,480 --> 00:10:47,000 We're shooting something. 134 00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:49,640 But... It's not shooting at the moment. 135 00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:53,120 Officer Mile, check these. 136 00:10:53,400 --> 00:10:55,120 And what's the American doing here? 137 00:10:55,600 --> 00:10:57,040 He is... 138 00:10:58,200 --> 00:11:00,600 He's asking, "What do you do?" 139 00:11:01,240 --> 00:11:03,120 -Will you translate? -Yeah, okay. 140 00:11:03,200 --> 00:11:04,920 Do you speak English? 141 00:11:05,040 --> 00:11:06,520 -Little, yes. -A little? 142 00:11:06,960 --> 00:11:10,040 I'm a historian, and interested in the history of this place. 143 00:11:10,320 --> 00:11:11,880 What did he say? 144 00:11:11,960 --> 00:11:16,160 He's a historian, interested in the history of this place 145 00:11:16,280 --> 00:11:19,200 as a part of the story of Yugoslav space program... 146 00:11:19,280 --> 00:11:20,680 Okay, okay. 147 00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:31,280 We were fully equipped for test launches 148 00:11:31,360 --> 00:11:35,040 but the complex itself was not yet fully functional. 149 00:11:35,240 --> 00:11:38,480 -Was it still under construction? -Yes. 150 00:11:45,960 --> 00:11:49,600 In October, 1957, the space age pretty much begins. 151 00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:53,880 That's when the Russians launch a multistage rocket 152 00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:58,160 that's carrying the first artificial satellite, that's Sputnik 1. 153 00:11:58,960 --> 00:12:01,960 Well, I know that prediction that the day will come when 154 00:12:02,120 --> 00:12:05,840 perhaps our major battles will be space battles instead of air battles. 155 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:08,760 People of the United States have been humiliated. 156 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:12,720 They're disturbed and they're unhappy. 157 00:12:12,880 --> 00:12:17,000 Not just our pride but our security is at stake. 158 00:12:17,160 --> 00:12:18,760 The country is in dire trouble. 159 00:12:19,120 --> 00:12:23,120 We must conclude that ten years from now 160 00:12:23,560 --> 00:12:26,400 Russia will be way ahead of us. 161 00:12:27,760 --> 00:12:30,600 A couple months after the Yugoslav space program commenced 162 00:12:30,680 --> 00:12:34,440 Tito came to Object 505 on a surprise visit. 163 00:12:34,960 --> 00:12:37,920 Those kind of visits were documented 164 00:12:38,000 --> 00:12:41,760 by our counterintelligence teams for internal use. 165 00:12:43,480 --> 00:12:47,160 The discovery and conquest 166 00:12:47,240 --> 00:12:48,960 of other planets and space 167 00:12:49,040 --> 00:12:51,560 depends on the mutual efforts 168 00:12:51,640 --> 00:12:56,600 of Earthlings to explore what kind of neighbors they have. 169 00:13:04,520 --> 00:13:07,920 Tito insisted on speeding things up 170 00:13:08,120 --> 00:13:11,200 and the engineers promised him 171 00:13:14,600 --> 00:13:18,120 that our spacecraft would be better 172 00:13:18,200 --> 00:13:20,840 than the Soviets' Sputnik. 173 00:13:27,880 --> 00:13:29,360 -Down there was a... -Yeah. 174 00:13:29,440 --> 00:13:31,080 -...big launch pad. -Uh-huh. 175 00:13:31,400 --> 00:13:34,600 It was three-stage rocket with a small module... 176 00:13:34,760 --> 00:13:35,880 -Right. -...incorporated. 177 00:13:36,160 --> 00:13:39,000 And we put a pig in the module. 178 00:13:39,080 --> 00:13:40,840 -A pig? -Yes, a pig. 179 00:13:41,800 --> 00:13:45,040 The rocket we actually built 180 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:48,320 was "Triglav 1," a three-stage rocket. 181 00:13:48,400 --> 00:13:53,240 It used the ideas and solutions of Herman Potočnik Noordung. 182 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:07,120 Radar, take control. We're losing visual contact. 183 00:14:07,280 --> 00:14:10,560 This three-stage rocket actually made it 184 00:14:10,640 --> 00:14:11,800 to the stratosphere. 185 00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:15,760 We were not able to secure the landing of the module. 186 00:14:15,840 --> 00:14:18,440 It landed in international waters of the Adriatic Sea 187 00:14:18,520 --> 00:14:21,280 close to Italian territorial waters. 188 00:14:22,200 --> 00:14:25,920 Our ship barely avoided an Italian military vessel. 189 00:14:26,120 --> 00:14:29,880 They obviously noticed our presence, 190 00:14:29,960 --> 00:14:33,800 but we had to risk it. 191 00:14:34,200 --> 00:14:36,760 The Italians could only guess 192 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:39,720 why we were there. 193 00:14:40,440 --> 00:14:43,240 The piglet survived the flight. 194 00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:53,120 Hello? Hello? Hi, Nataša. It's me. 195 00:14:55,760 --> 00:14:58,040 It's me, Ivan. 196 00:14:58,240 --> 00:15:02,800 Everything's fine, we landed, we're in Croatia right now. 197 00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:04,880 We'll meet soon on the island of Pag. 198 00:15:05,160 --> 00:15:07,000 Stay well, bye! 199 00:15:20,440 --> 00:15:22,720 Mr. Tito, would you like to take this opportunity 200 00:15:22,800 --> 00:15:24,800 when you are appearing before the people of America 201 00:15:24,880 --> 00:15:26,880 to give them any special message? 202 00:15:30,560 --> 00:15:32,080 Yes, I will take this opportunity 203 00:15:32,160 --> 00:15:34,960 to send my greetings to America's people. 204 00:15:35,160 --> 00:15:38,120 And plenty best wishes. 205 00:15:38,400 --> 00:15:42,200 Also an all... This America, Americas, who 206 00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:44,800 have sympathy for a... 207 00:15:45,240 --> 00:15:47,320 for our... 208 00:15:52,680 --> 00:15:54,240 No, no, no... 209 00:15:54,720 --> 00:15:58,080 Aspires, aspirations 210 00:15:58,240 --> 00:16:00,120 to creating, to create 211 00:16:00,840 --> 00:16:04,240 our happy, new, strong Yugoslavia. 212 00:16:47,120 --> 00:16:48,560 Let's go to the left! 213 00:16:51,480 --> 00:16:53,080 This way, all right. 214 00:16:54,320 --> 00:16:58,320 It was somewhere around here, I don't remember where exactly. 215 00:16:58,400 --> 00:17:01,160 I think it's this building. 216 00:17:02,520 --> 00:17:04,520 Yes, it was smaller than the other ones. 217 00:17:04,599 --> 00:17:06,599 -Okay. -Let's go back. 218 00:17:13,079 --> 00:17:14,079 Wait, my foot is stuck. 219 00:17:14,359 --> 00:17:15,599 -Which one? -The right one. 220 00:17:16,359 --> 00:17:17,960 Can you give me a push? 221 00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:19,800 Wait, my foot. 222 00:17:20,720 --> 00:17:22,160 -Can you get it out? -No. 223 00:17:25,280 --> 00:17:27,400 -Are you okay? -Yeah, I'm okay. I'm all right. 224 00:17:29,160 --> 00:17:33,480 Ivan was explaining that the Yugoslavs really had to improvise a lot. 225 00:17:33,560 --> 00:17:36,520 They didn't have the resources that the Americans or the Soviets had. 226 00:17:36,640 --> 00:17:41,520 So, they basically set up this tank for future Yugoslav astronauts. 227 00:17:42,760 --> 00:17:47,560 It's basically kind of a cheap way to simulate weightlessness, 228 00:17:47,800 --> 00:17:49,360 just by floating in water. 229 00:17:49,560 --> 00:17:53,360 So, future Yugoslav astronauts would be in this tank 230 00:17:53,960 --> 00:17:56,680 submerged in water and just be given tasks to do. 231 00:17:57,200 --> 00:18:00,000 But the challenge was to do them while floating. 232 00:18:00,080 --> 00:18:02,360 They gotta get used to the idea of being weightless. 233 00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:13,240 You're at 40 meters, report actual depth. 234 00:18:19,640 --> 00:18:21,600 After the successful launch 235 00:18:21,680 --> 00:18:25,440 of a three-stage rocket, we started planning a bigger one. 236 00:18:25,520 --> 00:18:27,920 But we lacked the resources. 237 00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:30,760 The program's development was too slow 238 00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:34,600 and was way too expensive. 239 00:18:35,040 --> 00:18:37,960 That was very devastating for us, 240 00:18:39,160 --> 00:18:41,560 although deep inside we expected it. 241 00:18:43,920 --> 00:18:46,280 Yugoslavia would have to take out loans. 242 00:18:46,640 --> 00:18:51,560 But creditors always wanted detailed information 243 00:18:51,640 --> 00:18:54,240 about how the money was going to be spent. 244 00:18:54,680 --> 00:18:58,240 Telling the international financial community 245 00:18:58,320 --> 00:19:01,160 that we needed money for a space program 246 00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:03,720 was simply out of the question. 247 00:19:10,920 --> 00:19:12,600 Tito was a man of big appetites. 248 00:19:12,680 --> 00:19:16,400 He was a man of big ideas as well. 249 00:19:16,480 --> 00:19:20,000 So you can kind of see why it would be a failure 250 00:19:20,080 --> 00:19:23,120 if they quit and they gave up their space program. 251 00:19:23,200 --> 00:19:26,800 That would mean political consequences, potentially for Tito. 252 00:19:27,920 --> 00:19:30,720 There were studies done by financial experts. 253 00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:35,000 They concluded that Yugoslavia would go bankrupt. 254 00:19:51,200 --> 00:19:53,120 The U.S. had the opposite problem. 255 00:19:53,440 --> 00:19:54,480 They had the money 256 00:19:54,800 --> 00:19:57,520 but the technology that they were using just wasn't working. 257 00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:01,560 You have the failure of the Pioneer 0 lunar probe. 258 00:20:01,760 --> 00:20:03,920 The Vanguard rockets had failed. 259 00:20:04,240 --> 00:20:06,720 And around this time, Kennedy takes office 260 00:20:07,040 --> 00:20:09,400 and he's under enormous pressure to get something done. 261 00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:13,400 And he has to consider every possible option available to him. 262 00:20:15,760 --> 00:20:19,000 Since early, our records in space have been under review. 263 00:20:19,560 --> 00:20:21,200 With the advice of the Vice President, 264 00:20:21,480 --> 00:20:23,720 who is Chairman of the National Space Council 265 00:20:24,280 --> 00:20:27,320 we have examined where we are strong and where we are not, 266 00:20:27,880 --> 00:20:30,440 where we may succeed and where we may not. 267 00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:33,800 Here we see underground aircraft and rocket dispersal 268 00:20:34,160 --> 00:20:35,600 at Object 505. 269 00:20:36,840 --> 00:20:39,280 And, of course, the first identification, 270 00:20:39,400 --> 00:20:42,560 cage photography, of above atmosphere rocket launch. 271 00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:46,840 The CIA had advised Kennedy that the Yugoslav space program 272 00:20:46,960 --> 00:20:51,520 could potentially be quite beneficial and complimentary to the American one. 273 00:20:51,600 --> 00:20:55,760 And Kennedy sent a very experienced diplomat, W.A. Harriman, 274 00:20:56,040 --> 00:20:58,160 to Belgrade to test the waters there. 275 00:20:59,360 --> 00:21:02,520 Mrs. Harriman and I are very glad to be back in Belgrade 276 00:21:02,600 --> 00:21:03,960 with President Tito. 277 00:21:04,080 --> 00:21:07,920 So that I will look forward very keenly to having the privilege of seeing him again 278 00:21:08,240 --> 00:21:11,280 and discussing matters of mutual interest. 279 00:21:12,600 --> 00:21:19,520 Major Hafner ordered me to modify the report 280 00:21:20,800 --> 00:21:24,280 on the actual state of the project. 281 00:21:24,440 --> 00:21:30,080 Development was going well, but the program was not yet functional. 282 00:21:30,680 --> 00:21:32,200 Is it true 283 00:21:32,320 --> 00:21:35,800 that reports on the actual state of Yugoslav space program 284 00:21:35,880 --> 00:21:39,240 were intentionally fabricated and manipulated to show 285 00:21:39,320 --> 00:21:42,680 it in a better light? Is it true that you ordered it? 286 00:21:43,480 --> 00:21:45,040 No. 287 00:21:45,440 --> 00:21:49,320 Reports on the Yugoslav space program 288 00:21:49,640 --> 00:21:53,520 were always real and objective. 289 00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:59,560 Maybe sometimes scientists exaggerated. 290 00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:04,320 Reports were not manipulated or fabricated on purpose. 291 00:22:04,520 --> 00:22:09,400 We wouldn't mislead a potential buyer. 292 00:22:09,760 --> 00:22:11,800 I had to fabricate some diagrams 293 00:22:12,320 --> 00:22:17,840 and manipulate the results of the test launchings. 294 00:22:18,040 --> 00:22:21,800 I do concede that some of the technical details 295 00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:26,520 were portrayed in a multifaceted way. 296 00:22:26,600 --> 00:22:32,360 We were expecting NASA representatives to come to Yugoslavia. 297 00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:35,040 And they came. 298 00:22:48,160 --> 00:22:50,120 Mr. Scott, welcome to Slovenia. 299 00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:51,640 -Yes. -What are you looking forward to? 300 00:22:51,720 --> 00:22:53,840 Well, we're looking forward first to 301 00:22:53,920 --> 00:22:56,240 our exchanges with the scientists in Slovenia. 302 00:22:56,400 --> 00:23:00,360 Because we know they will be at a very high level of understanding. 303 00:23:00,440 --> 00:23:02,080 And we are anticipating some 304 00:23:02,160 --> 00:23:04,720 very interesting and meaningful questions from them. 305 00:23:05,720 --> 00:23:06,720 And, of course, 306 00:23:07,160 --> 00:23:09,600 based on what we have seen in Yugoslavia so far, 307 00:23:09,760 --> 00:23:13,120 we are also looking forward to the hospitality of the people 308 00:23:13,440 --> 00:23:16,760 and the fine time, which I've heard, we will certainly have. 309 00:23:18,920 --> 00:23:20,360 The NASA delegation 310 00:23:20,440 --> 00:23:24,080 was impressed by our space program. 311 00:23:24,160 --> 00:23:28,800 Basically, the assessment of officials was that it was a very advanced program. 312 00:23:28,880 --> 00:23:31,880 And that the technology was also advanced. 313 00:23:32,680 --> 00:23:36,280 We secretly believed that Americans believe in us. 314 00:23:36,440 --> 00:23:39,240 This is always how myths function. 315 00:23:39,480 --> 00:23:41,920 You say, "I know it's not true, 316 00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:45,480 but I know that others believe that this is true about me." 317 00:23:45,600 --> 00:23:48,320 It's part of American naivety 318 00:23:48,400 --> 00:23:52,080 that they tend to believe into the secrets of the others. 319 00:24:04,680 --> 00:24:08,520 Tito decided to offer the program to Americans 320 00:24:08,640 --> 00:24:10,400 for a fixed amount of money. 321 00:24:14,480 --> 00:24:16,000 This is the Embassy of Slovenia, 322 00:24:16,160 --> 00:24:19,960 but this is the site of the former Embassy of Yugoslavia. 323 00:24:23,360 --> 00:24:24,160 Come on in. 324 00:24:27,480 --> 00:24:28,320 This is it. 325 00:24:28,560 --> 00:24:31,440 This is the conference room. This is where everything happened. 326 00:24:31,560 --> 00:24:32,880 - The scene of the crime. - Crime scene. 327 00:24:33,080 --> 00:24:33,880 Right. 328 00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:36,440 Back then, of course, 329 00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:39,960 you have to imagine there was a huge conference table here. 330 00:24:40,200 --> 00:24:41,560 Dozens of chairs. 331 00:24:42,120 --> 00:24:43,320 Papers everywhere. 332 00:24:43,800 --> 00:24:47,240 American and Yugoslav officials are here negotiating. 333 00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:51,280 Obviously a lot of security. It's all top secret. 334 00:24:51,360 --> 00:24:55,320 The Americans tried negotiating us down, 335 00:24:55,400 --> 00:24:58,280 as is common in capitalism, 336 00:24:58,640 --> 00:25:01,000 but we firmly stuck to our offer. 337 00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:04,040 We demanded 3 billion USD for our program. 338 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:06,040 They came to an agreement. 339 00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:10,480 $2.5 billion for the Yugoslav space program. 340 00:25:16,040 --> 00:25:18,000 It was about three times 341 00:25:18,080 --> 00:25:20,040 NASA's annual budget. 342 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:22,440 But the public didn't know 343 00:25:22,520 --> 00:25:25,200 why Tito was supposed to get that money. 344 00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:30,720 It was to be labeled "development aid" from the U.S. for Yugoslavia. 345 00:25:30,880 --> 00:25:34,320 If you look at it in today's terms, basically the price they agreed to 346 00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:36,720 was somewhere around $50 billion. 347 00:25:53,640 --> 00:25:55,920 This is the island of Pag. 348 00:25:56,000 --> 00:25:57,560 I was born here, 349 00:25:58,360 --> 00:26:03,240 I got married here, and now I'm back. 350 00:26:27,640 --> 00:26:29,360 Tomorrow you'll see your daughter 351 00:26:29,440 --> 00:26:30,520 for the first time ever, won't you? 352 00:26:30,600 --> 00:26:32,200 Yes, for the first time ever. 353 00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:38,520 I don't even have any picture of her, I don't know what she looks like. 354 00:26:38,600 --> 00:26:41,440 However, I have a good feeling about our meeting. 355 00:27:12,720 --> 00:27:15,400 -This is my daughter. -Hello. 356 00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:16,440 Hi. 357 00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:18,360 This is Grega. 358 00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:21,600 I'm Martina, nice to meet you. 359 00:27:29,480 --> 00:27:30,840 Ivan, is everything okay? 360 00:27:30,920 --> 00:27:32,480 Everything is fine. 361 00:27:34,080 --> 00:27:35,200 No problem. 362 00:27:58,760 --> 00:28:02,160 This is my daughter Ana, she has a PhD. 363 00:28:02,960 --> 00:28:07,320 From 1983 on, she worked for the Yugoslav 364 00:28:07,400 --> 00:28:10,240 and after that, for the Slovenian security agency. 365 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:14,720 We're kind of like a family security company. 366 00:28:14,800 --> 00:28:16,920 That's how it is. 367 00:28:18,800 --> 00:28:20,960 Tito was a true operative. 368 00:28:21,040 --> 00:28:25,840 He could sell you anything without you knowing what you were buying. 369 00:28:25,920 --> 00:28:28,520 Everything from the institute 370 00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:30,400 had to be given to the Americans: 371 00:28:30,480 --> 00:28:35,720 documentation, designs, equipment... everything. 372 00:28:36,240 --> 00:28:39,440 And Yugoslavia then has a bit of a logistical problem. 373 00:28:39,960 --> 00:28:42,960 How are they going to get thousands of pieces of equipment 374 00:28:43,040 --> 00:28:45,280 to the United States without anyone noticing? 375 00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:48,680 -Welcome, please, after you. -Wow. Thank you. 376 00:29:01,320 --> 00:29:05,200 We accepted a plan to transfer everything 377 00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:10,000 to the U.S. via a neutral country. 378 00:29:10,080 --> 00:29:12,560 We chose Morocco. 379 00:29:12,640 --> 00:29:13,960 Now, why Morocco? 380 00:29:14,080 --> 00:29:16,720 It's a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and it also has 381 00:29:16,880 --> 00:29:19,600 a very large American military base there. 382 00:29:19,720 --> 00:29:22,640 So, they arrange for Tito to visit Morocco 383 00:29:22,800 --> 00:29:25,040 as part of what's called the Path of Peace 384 00:29:25,560 --> 00:29:27,800 aboard this ship, the Galeb. 385 00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:31,560 It's joined by other ships as well, including a transport ship 386 00:29:32,040 --> 00:29:35,120 carrying the entire Yugoslav space program. 387 00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:08,680 The Galeb is Tito's kind of flagship. It's used for diplomatic purposes. 388 00:30:08,880 --> 00:30:10,880 And he uses it to travel around the world. 389 00:30:13,720 --> 00:30:15,440 Tito's diplomatic fleet 390 00:30:15,520 --> 00:30:18,000 was the best possible cover for us 391 00:30:18,080 --> 00:30:21,120 to smoothly cross the Mediterranean sea. 392 00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:25,160 We were out of bounds for the Italians or French 393 00:30:25,280 --> 00:30:29,120 who regularly stopped and searched vessels. 394 00:30:32,880 --> 00:30:38,080 The sea was calm and we didn't have any problems. 395 00:30:38,280 --> 00:30:41,880 At one point, Tito visited another ship in the fleet. 396 00:30:41,960 --> 00:30:46,120 He was transferred there via a pulley. 397 00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:50,000 Probably his wife Jovanka was being annoying or cranky 398 00:30:50,120 --> 00:30:53,880 and he wanted to escape for a while. 399 00:30:54,200 --> 00:30:58,320 Sometimes she was cranky, especially with us, 400 00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:01,480 the secret service officers. 401 00:31:02,200 --> 00:31:03,600 This is Tito's bedroom. 402 00:31:04,600 --> 00:31:05,400 Look at that! 403 00:31:08,080 --> 00:31:12,400 That's literally the last color, I expected to see in Tito's bed. 404 00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:13,840 Hot pink. 405 00:31:14,560 --> 00:31:16,600 - It's nice. - It's nice, right? 406 00:31:17,640 --> 00:31:18,840 Nice firm mattress. 407 00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:21,720 - Roger, don't break. - Roger. 408 00:31:22,800 --> 00:31:23,720 Wait. 409 00:31:25,680 --> 00:31:27,520 -What? It's okay? -It's okay. It's okay. 410 00:31:27,880 --> 00:31:28,880 -Nice. -It's all right. 411 00:31:54,760 --> 00:31:59,560 It's a wonderful idea of the myth that it was Casablanca. 412 00:31:59,720 --> 00:32:06,640 'Cause Casablanca is kind of a background where others do their dirty jobs. 413 00:32:07,160 --> 00:32:09,640 Remember in the film Casablanca, 414 00:32:09,760 --> 00:32:14,480 there are almost no Moroccans. They're just background figures. 415 00:32:27,360 --> 00:32:29,280 We can go together for a while 416 00:32:29,360 --> 00:32:31,000 but then I will continue by myself. 417 00:32:33,120 --> 00:32:34,680 Where are you going? 418 00:32:34,920 --> 00:32:36,760 I'm fulfilling my father's wish. 419 00:32:37,920 --> 00:32:39,080 What is it? 420 00:32:39,760 --> 00:32:43,360 -I'm asking a lot of questions. -I'm going for a short visit. 421 00:32:43,560 --> 00:32:45,960 Is it a friend of your father's? 422 00:32:46,080 --> 00:32:49,640 No. But he was father's intelligence operative associate. 423 00:32:49,720 --> 00:32:51,200 I'll call you. 424 00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:55,560 Give us a call when you're finished. 425 00:32:57,080 --> 00:32:58,320 Agreed? 426 00:32:58,480 --> 00:33:00,040 Okay, bye. 427 00:33:07,320 --> 00:33:09,520 Tito stayed in Morocco for two days. 428 00:33:09,720 --> 00:33:13,960 In the meantime all the containers had to be unloaded 429 00:33:14,080 --> 00:33:17,120 from our cargo ships. Not in Casablanca, 430 00:33:17,240 --> 00:33:21,080 but a few kilometers away at an American military base. 431 00:33:21,160 --> 00:33:25,480 Americans secretly transferred the cargo to their ships 432 00:33:25,560 --> 00:33:30,160 and then shipped it on to the U.S. 433 00:33:35,800 --> 00:33:40,360 We are aware that peace is necessary 434 00:33:40,440 --> 00:33:42,920 for building a socialism, 435 00:33:43,480 --> 00:33:46,760 international cooperation and a global prosperity. 436 00:33:47,480 --> 00:33:49,280 The king of Morocco 437 00:33:49,360 --> 00:33:52,200 couldn't just ask Tito or his staff directly: 438 00:33:52,280 --> 00:33:54,920 "What the heck is going on?" That's not how things work 439 00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:56,640 in the intelligence services. 440 00:33:58,080 --> 00:34:02,520 From this document we can see that the king didn't know 441 00:34:02,600 --> 00:34:04,200 what was happening. 442 00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:07,840 Did you get these documents from your father's friend? 443 00:34:08,880 --> 00:34:10,719 Okay, I'll stop asking. 444 00:34:15,880 --> 00:34:17,719 They finished everything at the last minute. 445 00:34:21,880 --> 00:34:25,600 As a sign of his gratitude, 446 00:34:25,719 --> 00:34:28,679 Tito presented each of us with a pistol like this one 447 00:34:29,080 --> 00:34:32,199 and thanked us for our cooperation. 448 00:34:32,320 --> 00:34:37,040 We returned to Yugoslavia using different means of transportation 449 00:34:37,120 --> 00:34:41,600 because Tito continued on his way to other countries in Africa. 450 00:34:47,000 --> 00:34:48,880 While they were leaving Morocco, 451 00:34:49,320 --> 00:34:53,639 the Soviet Union ended up sending the first man to go into space, Yuri Gagarin. 452 00:34:54,840 --> 00:34:57,240 So, Yugoslavs were enormously relieved 453 00:34:57,320 --> 00:35:00,840 that they managed to seal the deal before that happened. 454 00:35:01,720 --> 00:35:03,480 We choose to go to the Moon! 455 00:35:09,360 --> 00:35:13,440 We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, 456 00:35:13,520 --> 00:35:17,000 not because they are easy, but because they are hard. 457 00:35:27,680 --> 00:35:30,840 Citizens of Yugoslavia, comrades, 458 00:35:31,120 --> 00:35:34,200 the new atomic era and space exploration 459 00:35:34,280 --> 00:35:39,240 have made people fear these ingenious creations of the human mind. 460 00:35:44,760 --> 00:35:48,200 Maybe some of it will be used outside of our country, 461 00:35:48,280 --> 00:35:51,280 but that shouldn't bother us, because I can say 462 00:35:51,360 --> 00:35:53,640 that we are embarking with great success 463 00:35:53,720 --> 00:35:55,720 in the development of socialism, 464 00:35:55,800 --> 00:35:57,840 and with the best prospects for further development. 465 00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:01,840 In order to raise our standard of living and to create a happier future. 466 00:36:23,760 --> 00:36:26,320 Let's go now. 467 00:36:26,920 --> 00:36:28,400 So, that way. 468 00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:31,960 To the shore. If we can manage. 469 00:36:33,800 --> 00:36:37,880 I think we can pass here on the left side. 470 00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:42,800 Actually... no! No, here on the right. 471 00:36:42,880 --> 00:36:43,920 Where? 472 00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:47,160 -Oh, my! -If we can manage to pass. 473 00:36:47,280 --> 00:36:49,360 -Wait. -Let's go to the right. 474 00:36:49,480 --> 00:36:51,040 He'll fall out! 475 00:36:54,280 --> 00:36:58,200 First, stop and think about it and then... 476 00:36:58,280 --> 00:36:59,920 Let's go left. 477 00:37:00,360 --> 00:37:03,200 I brought you here to show you where I carried out 478 00:37:03,400 --> 00:37:06,120 my first experiment. 479 00:37:06,200 --> 00:37:07,760 I engineered a ship! 480 00:37:07,960 --> 00:37:09,800 -Really? -Really! 481 00:37:10,120 --> 00:37:12,200 A ship made out of a barrel. 482 00:37:12,280 --> 00:37:14,000 A barrel? 483 00:37:15,280 --> 00:37:19,600 I sailed away from shore and if my father wouldn't have saved me, 484 00:37:19,680 --> 00:37:22,040 I would have drowned for sure. 485 00:37:24,200 --> 00:37:26,480 I got beaten up pretty bad. 486 00:37:26,880 --> 00:37:30,760 I believe that. If you came this far with a barrel... 487 00:37:31,200 --> 00:37:33,920 You brought us here just because of this barrel? 488 00:37:34,040 --> 00:37:38,000 Yes, it was an important chapter in my life. 489 00:37:38,280 --> 00:37:40,880 You could have told me about it back at the hotel. 490 00:37:47,200 --> 00:37:51,800 So the Yugoslav sell their space program and the country flourishes. 491 00:37:51,960 --> 00:37:54,560 And not only have they gotten rid of a huge financial burden, 492 00:37:54,680 --> 00:37:56,640 but they're getting a huge amount of money for it. 493 00:37:56,720 --> 00:38:00,080 And suddenly, the standard of living rises 494 00:38:00,160 --> 00:38:03,240 and it's the highest in the socialist world. 495 00:39:05,440 --> 00:39:07,640 Tito's person is rich and diverse, 496 00:39:07,760 --> 00:39:09,440 just as rich and diverse 497 00:39:09,520 --> 00:39:13,480 as the unstoppable Yugoslav socialistic revolution. 498 00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:17,720 Thank you in the name of communists, for everything you've done until now, 499 00:39:17,800 --> 00:39:22,640 with success, dignity and an unstoppable revolutionary flame. 500 00:39:22,720 --> 00:39:26,680 We wish you, dear comrade Tito, much health and many years of life, 501 00:39:26,760 --> 00:39:29,880 to lead us, encourage us and inspire us. 502 00:40:32,800 --> 00:40:37,760 The Americans got the Yugoslav technology and it didn't work. 503 00:40:38,160 --> 00:40:40,440 The problems started almost immediately. 504 00:40:41,280 --> 00:40:42,960 So, when we get the damn thing... 505 00:40:43,840 --> 00:40:46,960 I mean, we see that there's absolutely nothing. 506 00:40:47,360 --> 00:40:49,840 And here we are fearing that nothing because 507 00:40:50,600 --> 00:40:53,400 what do they do? I mean they couldn't even hold a damn pig. 508 00:40:53,680 --> 00:40:56,800 The one that they fired off the coast. 509 00:40:56,880 --> 00:40:58,800 They picked it up and roasted it and had a good time. 510 00:40:58,880 --> 00:41:00,240 They had not only the pig and the good time, 511 00:41:00,320 --> 00:41:01,640 they had billions of our dollars. 512 00:41:01,760 --> 00:41:05,800 Meanwhile, we had to take all their plans, basically, and just junk 'em. 513 00:41:07,320 --> 00:41:09,280 The Americans were furious. 514 00:41:09,440 --> 00:41:11,280 What did the Americans say? 515 00:41:11,360 --> 00:41:16,600 They said we sold them an "underdeveloped program." 516 00:41:24,040 --> 00:41:26,160 The whole place was in an uproar. 517 00:41:26,560 --> 00:41:30,200 A direct telephone connection with America was established. 518 00:41:30,280 --> 00:41:32,280 We even started working nights. 519 00:41:33,800 --> 00:41:38,280 It's typical for mythic constructions, opposites coincide. 520 00:41:38,640 --> 00:41:41,360 On the one hand, Balkans is supposed to be 521 00:41:41,480 --> 00:41:48,000 the place where this old medieval style pledges hold, you know like, 522 00:41:48,080 --> 00:41:51,880 "I promise something, even if I die, I will stick to it." 523 00:41:52,160 --> 00:41:56,000 "Honor." "I'm ready to die rather than break my word." 524 00:41:56,160 --> 00:42:00,000 But, at the same time, it's a place of cunningness. 525 00:42:00,120 --> 00:42:01,920 Can you imagine the surprise? 526 00:42:02,040 --> 00:42:05,560 I think the most surprised here would have been Americans themselves. 527 00:42:05,840 --> 00:42:10,040 To get a program which would have really worked from Yugoslavia. 528 00:42:11,560 --> 00:42:14,920 They want Tito to explain why this technology doesn't work. 529 00:42:15,320 --> 00:42:21,440 So, Tito decides in 1963 to visit Kennedy. It's a very sticky situation. 530 00:42:39,840 --> 00:42:40,800 Come on in. 531 00:42:41,400 --> 00:42:43,160 -Whoa! That's nice. -Yeah. 532 00:42:44,440 --> 00:42:46,160 This is where Tito stayed. 533 00:42:46,280 --> 00:42:50,400 This is where he demonstrated his solidarity with the working class. 534 00:42:52,040 --> 00:42:54,080 Some people are more equal than others. 535 00:42:54,960 --> 00:42:58,440 We have hosted every U.S. sitting president since 1931. 536 00:42:58,520 --> 00:43:01,320 And when the president is here, he is conducting business. 537 00:43:01,400 --> 00:43:03,000 This is not leisure, this is not a vacation. 538 00:43:03,080 --> 00:43:06,040 Prior to him meeting with President Kennedy in 1963, 539 00:43:06,120 --> 00:43:07,680 Tito stayed at The Waldorf. 540 00:43:07,760 --> 00:43:12,200 Kennedy was very upset by the fact that the technology didn't work as promised. 541 00:43:12,720 --> 00:43:15,400 And so Tito came, kind of tried to smooth things over. 542 00:43:35,440 --> 00:43:36,400 Mr. President. 543 00:43:36,800 --> 00:43:41,440 This is a difficult and dangerous world in which we live. 544 00:43:42,080 --> 00:43:45,440 I think it's most important that we have an understanding 545 00:43:45,520 --> 00:43:49,840 of the basic policy and objectives so that danger may be lessened. 546 00:43:57,560 --> 00:44:00,080 Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen. 547 00:44:00,520 --> 00:44:03,920 For this friendly reception and for the kind invitation 548 00:44:04,040 --> 00:44:06,680 please accept our sincere thanks. 549 00:44:07,120 --> 00:44:09,880 It is with pleasure that I take this opportunity 550 00:44:09,960 --> 00:44:11,920 to have with you, Mr. President, 551 00:44:12,000 --> 00:44:15,160 a frank exchanges of views of current development 552 00:44:15,480 --> 00:44:18,360 and some questions that concern both our countries. 553 00:44:21,640 --> 00:44:24,320 Kennedy issues, basically, an ultimatum, 554 00:44:24,400 --> 00:44:27,360 saying, "Make the space program work, or give us the money back." 555 00:44:27,440 --> 00:44:29,680 So, Tito is in a very serious predicament. 556 00:44:32,320 --> 00:44:34,520 With the American Central Intelligence Agency, 557 00:44:34,640 --> 00:44:37,560 collaboration did not go according to our plan. 558 00:44:43,480 --> 00:44:46,720 There weren't enough security agents, because the extremists 559 00:44:46,800 --> 00:44:49,560 were trying to force their way up to Tito's suite. 560 00:44:49,640 --> 00:44:52,000 Wielding weapons of course. 561 00:44:52,080 --> 00:44:54,720 Now, there was an assassination attempt on Tito's life 562 00:44:54,960 --> 00:44:58,000 while he was staying in New York, by a man named Nikola Kavaja 563 00:44:58,240 --> 00:45:00,360 who was an alleged CIA mercenary. 564 00:45:00,480 --> 00:45:04,200 But Kavaja was stopped by Tito's bodyguards before he could do anything. 565 00:45:04,280 --> 00:45:07,160 Because of the assassination attempt on Tito's life 566 00:45:07,240 --> 00:45:09,960 it was decided to cease the negotiations 567 00:45:10,040 --> 00:45:13,160 and promptly return Tito to Yugoslavia. 568 00:45:14,880 --> 00:45:16,560 The situation suddenly is very tense. 569 00:46:22,480 --> 00:46:27,400 Tito was glad to be able to return safely. 570 00:46:27,560 --> 00:46:30,760 That was his way of telling everyone 571 00:46:31,040 --> 00:46:34,280 not to play with Yugoslavia. 572 00:46:34,600 --> 00:46:37,720 That is why Tito also warned Kennedy 573 00:46:38,240 --> 00:46:41,960 that their security system was flawed. 574 00:46:52,480 --> 00:46:56,520 In October, 1963, Tito managed to return to Yugoslavia. 575 00:46:57,000 --> 00:46:59,520 The next month, President Kennedy is here, 576 00:46:59,720 --> 00:47:02,400 traveling down Elm Street, past the Book Depository 577 00:47:02,800 --> 00:47:05,920 and, unfortunately, there's an assassination attempt on his life 578 00:47:06,000 --> 00:47:07,600 and this one is successful. 579 00:47:08,280 --> 00:47:10,440 Do you think there's any connection between those two? 580 00:47:17,960 --> 00:47:19,640 -Okay, you don't wanna tell. -I have no comment. 581 00:47:19,720 --> 00:47:20,520 Okay. 582 00:47:30,040 --> 00:47:33,920 In Yugoslavia, there is an official period of mourning. 583 00:47:34,400 --> 00:47:39,040 Tito goes and signs a book of condolences in Belgrade. 584 00:47:41,280 --> 00:47:43,200 People don't like America. 585 00:47:44,080 --> 00:47:47,080 I talked about it with the late Kennedy. 586 00:47:49,840 --> 00:47:52,360 I was the last head of state to meet with him. 587 00:47:53,760 --> 00:47:55,440 He was killed a month later. 588 00:47:56,120 --> 00:47:59,480 He asked me what my impressions of America were. 589 00:47:59,560 --> 00:48:03,520 I told him I wasn't impressed by your democracy. 590 00:48:03,960 --> 00:48:06,080 The president is not almighty. 591 00:48:06,400 --> 00:48:09,920 He's being appointed a president, well, elected. 592 00:48:11,120 --> 00:48:12,880 So it's not that easy. 593 00:48:14,960 --> 00:48:18,000 The standard idea of a conspiracy theory is that 594 00:48:18,080 --> 00:48:22,320 conspiracy theories are ideology for the common, stupid people. 595 00:48:22,400 --> 00:48:27,040 Like you have a complex situation. You really cannot understand it. 596 00:48:27,120 --> 00:48:30,920 So, conspiracy theory provides a simple answer. 597 00:48:31,000 --> 00:48:34,800 Paradoxically, one way to cover a conspiracy 598 00:48:34,880 --> 00:48:37,680 is to present it as a conspiracy theory 599 00:48:37,760 --> 00:48:40,920 and counting on the fact that it will not be taken seriously. 600 00:48:47,720 --> 00:48:49,920 Here's the church... 601 00:48:50,000 --> 00:48:52,320 so it must be the third house on this side. 602 00:48:52,720 --> 00:48:53,880 This one? 603 00:48:54,640 --> 00:48:56,280 - Good afternoon. - Good afternoon. 604 00:48:56,360 --> 00:48:58,840 What are you doing? Are you filming? 605 00:48:59,480 --> 00:49:02,240 We're making a documentary about... 606 00:49:02,320 --> 00:49:05,600 Oh, my, then you should come into our tavern! 607 00:49:05,680 --> 00:49:08,440 It's perfect for documentaries! Come on. 608 00:49:08,720 --> 00:49:10,800 What shall we do? 609 00:49:11,160 --> 00:49:13,000 -As you wish. -Come on. 610 00:49:13,160 --> 00:49:15,040 Just move it a little bit. 611 00:49:15,120 --> 00:49:18,160 -You too. -We are sort of a film crew... 612 00:49:18,240 --> 00:49:21,760 Please sit. As if you can't talk at a table. 613 00:49:21,840 --> 00:49:23,560 You can't let a man sit by himself. Come. 614 00:49:23,640 --> 00:49:25,600 -Come, Nataša. -I'll come back. 615 00:49:25,720 --> 00:49:28,560 Are you going to have a drink? 616 00:49:30,720 --> 00:49:33,520 If director will allow us. 617 00:49:34,400 --> 00:49:35,200 Can they? 618 00:49:35,280 --> 00:49:36,600 Do you have any fruit juice? 619 00:49:36,880 --> 00:49:39,200 Oh, boy, a juice? In a tavern? 620 00:49:39,280 --> 00:49:41,320 You can have a red or white wine. 621 00:49:41,400 --> 00:49:43,560 There isn't much to talk about it. 622 00:49:43,920 --> 00:49:48,080 All the old stuff that we found in this house is here. 623 00:49:48,440 --> 00:49:51,040 Upstairs we have rooms for rent. 624 00:49:51,120 --> 00:49:53,240 Is this your house, ma'am? 625 00:49:53,600 --> 00:49:56,000 Yes, I'm the owner. 626 00:49:56,080 --> 00:50:00,040 We bought this house about 30 years ago. 627 00:50:00,520 --> 00:50:03,760 We've redecorated everything, put in some nice Italian tile. 628 00:50:03,840 --> 00:50:05,840 Tell me, ma'am, who'd you buy it from? 629 00:50:07,760 --> 00:50:09,480 Pavić. From the Pavićs. 630 00:50:10,320 --> 00:50:11,240 Pavić. 631 00:50:11,360 --> 00:50:14,680 You can recommend us, we've renovated everything... 632 00:50:14,760 --> 00:50:18,160 Did you know Ivan Pavić? 633 00:50:18,480 --> 00:50:20,760 Pavić... You know, 634 00:50:22,160 --> 00:50:24,960 this can be a rough place. 635 00:50:25,040 --> 00:50:27,760 People gossip and tell all kinds of stories. 636 00:50:27,840 --> 00:50:29,200 What happened to him? 637 00:50:29,880 --> 00:50:35,040 Some say he crashed near the ferry port 638 00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:38,680 and killed himself. 639 00:50:39,960 --> 00:50:41,520 Other say the Serbs killed him. 640 00:50:41,600 --> 00:50:44,520 People tell all kinds of stories. 641 00:50:44,720 --> 00:50:49,840 I'm just telling you what I heard. I don't know anything. 642 00:50:52,000 --> 00:50:54,120 It was hard for mom. 643 00:50:54,400 --> 00:50:58,080 She remarried. But she kept her last name, Pavić. 644 00:50:58,920 --> 00:51:02,880 She married a pilot. 645 00:51:03,560 --> 00:51:07,080 We had a good time. 646 00:51:07,440 --> 00:51:11,200 -He was good to us. -That's what's important. 647 00:51:11,280 --> 00:51:13,360 Yes, but it didn't work out. 648 00:51:13,880 --> 00:51:17,000 So they broke up. 649 00:51:17,760 --> 00:51:20,040 -Why? -Because it wasn't working. 650 00:51:20,440 --> 00:51:22,800 -It wasn't? -No. 651 00:51:23,640 --> 00:51:26,120 How did you handle that? 652 00:51:26,800 --> 00:51:29,720 Well, I think mom 653 00:51:31,080 --> 00:51:35,120 never actually believed you were dead. 654 00:51:36,040 --> 00:51:38,360 I think she was waiting for you to come back. 655 00:51:38,640 --> 00:51:40,600 I am really sorry. 656 00:51:40,760 --> 00:51:43,240 Me too. For everything. 657 00:51:46,440 --> 00:51:49,080 Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States. 658 00:51:55,360 --> 00:51:58,720 There were those men in our government, who ten years ago, 659 00:51:58,800 --> 00:52:01,800 fought to guarantee America's role in space. 660 00:52:02,440 --> 00:52:03,920 I'm glad that I was one of 'em. 661 00:52:04,160 --> 00:52:06,920 After Kennedy dies, there's a new president. 662 00:52:07,200 --> 00:52:09,920 It's Lyndon Johnson. And from the get go, 663 00:52:10,240 --> 00:52:13,440 Johnson is under pressure to do something about the situation. 664 00:52:14,600 --> 00:52:17,960 We see a real shift in U.S. policy. 665 00:52:19,080 --> 00:52:21,880 Here we can see, this is a telephone call between 666 00:52:22,000 --> 00:52:25,560 President Johnson and then Secretary of State, Dean Rusk. 667 00:52:26,320 --> 00:52:29,880 Johnson, very angry during this phone call already, you can see here, 668 00:52:30,880 --> 00:52:33,360 he says, "They're trying to make fools of us all 669 00:52:33,480 --> 00:52:36,080 and it's just the biggest damn mess I ever saw." 670 00:52:36,280 --> 00:52:40,160 Rusk mentions that the Yugoslavs want Tito to meet with Johnson. 671 00:52:40,480 --> 00:52:42,600 Johnson does not like that idea. 672 00:52:43,480 --> 00:52:45,720 He sends Rusk to Belgrade instead. 673 00:52:46,600 --> 00:52:48,800 But Rusk is not there to negotiate. 674 00:52:48,880 --> 00:52:51,080 Rusk is there to send a message, 675 00:52:51,200 --> 00:52:56,240 "Make the technology work, no more excuses, or we get the money back." 676 00:52:56,640 --> 00:53:02,200 Rusk even saying, "That they could issue a threat or topple the country." 677 00:53:05,240 --> 00:53:09,680 So, the Yugoslavs decided to send 26 engineers to the United States 678 00:53:09,800 --> 00:53:12,440 to help the Americans with their space program. 679 00:53:12,680 --> 00:53:17,160 Now, obviously, this had to be done in secret. 680 00:53:18,360 --> 00:53:22,840 They had to figure out a way to do this without anyone finding out. 681 00:53:23,280 --> 00:53:27,120 The Americans demanded we deny that any engineer 682 00:53:28,160 --> 00:53:32,560 had been sent to U.S. for assistance. 683 00:53:33,040 --> 00:53:36,600 Ivan Pavić's case was very specific. 684 00:53:36,920 --> 00:53:40,600 We fabricated a story saying that, on the island of Pag, 685 00:53:40,680 --> 00:53:44,160 while driving into a curve, he crashed into the sea 686 00:53:44,240 --> 00:53:46,680 with his car, a "Zastava 1300." 687 00:53:47,200 --> 00:53:49,920 The corpse was supposedly pulled out of the sea. 688 00:53:50,000 --> 00:53:53,440 A false funeral was staged with a sealed casket. 689 00:53:53,640 --> 00:53:59,280 Of course, his wife was invited to the funeral. 690 00:53:59,640 --> 00:54:03,520 She was pregnant at the time. 691 00:54:05,800 --> 00:54:07,960 When I got to the institute, 692 00:54:08,360 --> 00:54:13,080 an urgent meeting was called in the conference hall. 693 00:54:13,880 --> 00:54:16,560 I was already late. We parted with a kiss, 694 00:54:16,640 --> 00:54:18,000 "I have to hurry, bye." 695 00:54:32,080 --> 00:54:34,520 Were you allowed to say goodbye to your wife? 696 00:54:34,600 --> 00:54:38,440 No. From the meeting hall, 697 00:54:38,520 --> 00:54:41,840 they simply transported us that morning 698 00:54:41,920 --> 00:54:45,080 to the airport. An airplane took us to Langley, 699 00:54:45,160 --> 00:54:46,720 to the NASA Center. 700 00:54:48,720 --> 00:54:50,840 We never saw each other again. 701 00:54:56,640 --> 00:55:00,680 The Yugoslavs were shocked, devastated. 702 00:55:01,120 --> 00:55:03,880 Allegedly, some of them even had nervous breakdowns. 703 00:55:04,280 --> 00:55:07,320 The engineers were given brand new identities. 704 00:55:07,440 --> 00:55:10,800 They were told not to contact their families back in Yugoslavia. 705 00:55:10,920 --> 00:55:13,800 They were also told their families would be taken care of, 706 00:55:13,880 --> 00:55:17,880 and that nothing bad would happen to them as long as they just stay quiet. 707 00:55:32,440 --> 00:55:35,480 It was only later that I found out from Hafner, 708 00:55:36,720 --> 00:55:39,240 that my wife had given birth to our daughter. 709 00:55:58,320 --> 00:56:00,720 I'd like to know what was the big reason 710 00:56:00,800 --> 00:56:02,240 to take my father away from me. 711 00:56:06,000 --> 00:56:09,720 There's no program in the world that's important enough 712 00:56:09,880 --> 00:56:13,880 to take away someone's right to determine their own future. 713 00:56:14,280 --> 00:56:16,640 If that was your personal choice, 714 00:56:17,000 --> 00:56:18,680 it would be a different story. 715 00:56:18,840 --> 00:56:22,280 But if somebody else made your choice, then... 716 00:56:22,360 --> 00:56:28,400 Professor Novakovic ended up in the Goli Otok prison camp. 717 00:56:28,520 --> 00:56:30,600 Yes, but he came back to his family. 718 00:56:33,080 --> 00:56:37,040 What benefit did the family have from him 719 00:56:38,200 --> 00:56:41,560 coming back in the condition he was in? 720 00:56:41,640 --> 00:56:44,240 Don't worry, we would have gladly accepted you. 721 00:56:46,560 --> 00:56:48,760 Would you like to meet Ivan Pavić? 722 00:56:52,360 --> 00:56:55,920 Our meeting would probably be interesting. 723 00:56:56,000 --> 00:56:57,440 Especially now 724 00:56:57,960 --> 00:57:01,920 that we could tell each other things that we couldn't back in the day. 725 00:57:02,280 --> 00:57:06,840 In old age, resentment fades. 726 00:57:10,920 --> 00:57:13,600 I think we should open this one at the bottom. 727 00:57:16,360 --> 00:57:20,080 -Is it far? -All the way to the end. 728 00:57:23,800 --> 00:57:26,040 -Which grave is it? -Here we are. 729 00:57:26,200 --> 00:57:27,360 This is it. 730 00:57:32,120 --> 00:57:33,080 Your grave. 731 00:57:38,360 --> 00:57:40,320 So you can see. 732 00:57:41,160 --> 00:57:42,560 Whoever's in there... 733 00:57:43,880 --> 00:57:46,200 Most probably nobody's here. 734 00:57:46,560 --> 00:57:49,840 -I don't know. -Why would anybody be in the grave? 735 00:58:28,720 --> 00:58:31,280 So, when they finally send their people in, you know what I mean, 736 00:58:31,400 --> 00:58:33,040 and they're gonna work together with us? 737 00:58:33,160 --> 00:58:34,440 What do you mean, "Work together with us?" 738 00:58:34,520 --> 00:58:36,520 We all know more than all of you together. 739 00:58:36,600 --> 00:58:40,880 Eventually, of course, we integrated but it took a long time, you know? 740 00:58:41,520 --> 00:58:44,960 The Americans soon realized that this Yugoslav technology 741 00:58:45,080 --> 00:58:46,560 would never actually work. 742 00:58:46,920 --> 00:58:49,600 I mean, even with the help of Yugoslav engineers, 743 00:58:49,680 --> 00:58:52,200 it just wasn't functional. It wasn't useful. 744 00:58:53,880 --> 00:58:58,000 Tito's main goal is to buy more time in order to find a solution. 745 00:58:59,160 --> 00:59:00,880 NASA was pissed off. 746 00:59:00,960 --> 00:59:04,120 Because they had already spent three years of their budget on Yugoslavia, 747 00:59:04,200 --> 00:59:06,360 and now they have to postpone a flight to the Moon. 748 00:59:07,040 --> 00:59:10,040 He met us engineers behind closed doors. 749 00:59:10,160 --> 00:59:13,320 He was explaining that we won't be left behind, 750 00:59:13,400 --> 00:59:16,480 just like the wounded partisans of the Sutjeska Battle. 751 00:59:24,000 --> 00:59:27,320 The Yugoslav engineers did prove to be a valuable asset. 752 00:59:27,880 --> 00:59:31,440 And some of them even advanced to the highest levels at NASA. 753 00:59:33,520 --> 00:59:36,000 Without any help from Tito's technology, 754 00:59:36,080 --> 00:59:39,520 a few years later, the Apollo mission finally goes ahead. 755 00:59:51,560 --> 00:59:53,120 Twenty seconds and counting. 756 00:59:55,040 --> 00:59:58,080 T-minus 15 seconds, guidance is internal. 757 00:59:59,000 --> 01:00:02,440 Twelve. Eleven. Ten. Nine. 758 01:00:02,520 --> 01:00:04,480 Ignition sequence starts. 759 01:00:04,720 --> 01:00:05,560 Six. 760 01:00:05,640 --> 01:00:06,480 Five. 761 01:00:06,560 --> 01:00:07,400 Four. 762 01:00:07,480 --> 01:00:08,320 Three. 763 01:00:08,400 --> 01:00:09,240 Two. 764 01:00:09,480 --> 01:00:10,320 One. 765 01:00:10,600 --> 01:00:12,600 Zero. All engines running. 766 01:00:17,560 --> 01:00:20,960 We have a liftoff! Thirty-two minutes past the hour. 767 01:00:22,800 --> 01:00:25,160 Neil Armstrong reporting the roll and pitch program 768 01:00:25,280 --> 01:00:27,600 which puts Apollo 11 on a proper heading. 769 01:00:27,920 --> 01:00:29,960 All is well at Houston. You are good at one minute. 770 01:00:30,120 --> 01:00:31,160 Picking up some dust. 771 01:00:32,560 --> 01:00:33,800 Okay, engine stop. 772 01:00:33,880 --> 01:00:35,400 ACA out of detent. 773 01:00:35,480 --> 01:00:41,080 That's one small step for a man. One giant leap for mankind. 774 01:00:43,040 --> 01:00:44,480 Hello, Neil and Buzz, 775 01:00:44,560 --> 01:00:48,440 I'm talking to you by telephone from the Oval Room at the White House. 776 01:00:48,520 --> 01:00:53,320 And this certainly has to be the most historic telephone call ever made. 777 01:00:54,200 --> 01:00:57,680 I just can't tell you how proud we all are of what you... 778 01:00:58,120 --> 01:01:01,560 For every American, this has to be the proudest day of our lives. 779 01:01:01,640 --> 01:01:03,440 And for people all over the world... 780 01:01:06,080 --> 01:01:07,520 We're on our way, Houston. 781 01:01:07,600 --> 01:01:09,720 Vector grid, X sign... 782 01:01:10,680 --> 01:01:13,320 An extremely loud applause here in mission control. 783 01:01:15,720 --> 01:01:17,640 It was greatly celebrated. 784 01:01:18,040 --> 01:01:20,720 Medals were presented. 785 01:01:20,800 --> 01:01:24,360 But we, the 26 engineers, weren't even mentioned. 786 01:01:24,440 --> 01:01:25,760 Like we didn't exist. 787 01:01:31,560 --> 01:01:35,520 A few years later, Pavić's wife, Vesna, 788 01:01:35,760 --> 01:01:37,320 committed suicide. 789 01:01:40,920 --> 01:01:43,240 What was your mother, Vesna, like? 790 01:01:44,480 --> 01:01:46,880 I think she was devastated all her life 791 01:01:47,000 --> 01:01:48,080 because she lost... 792 01:01:49,600 --> 01:01:51,120 the love of her life. 793 01:02:00,240 --> 01:02:04,520 Did she ever talk about Ivan, your father? 794 01:02:04,840 --> 01:02:05,680 Yes. 795 01:02:12,400 --> 01:02:15,240 She talked about him all the time. 796 01:02:18,040 --> 01:02:19,080 Excuse me. 797 01:02:24,600 --> 01:02:28,560 She was never able to keep on living 798 01:02:29,240 --> 01:02:31,240 after losing him. 799 01:02:32,360 --> 01:02:33,840 That makes me sad. 800 01:02:53,240 --> 01:02:55,640 The Apollo 11 crew visited Belgrade. 801 01:02:55,920 --> 01:02:57,760 And the Americans used that opportunity 802 01:02:57,880 --> 01:03:00,360 to send a negotiating team along with them. 803 01:03:04,720 --> 01:03:07,480 Tito, obviously, can't ignore their arrival. 804 01:03:07,600 --> 01:03:10,080 And they basically came to warn Tito 805 01:03:10,200 --> 01:03:13,040 that they're not gonna put up with any of his excuses anymore. 806 01:03:13,120 --> 01:03:16,400 The money that had been given now became a loan. 807 01:03:16,480 --> 01:03:18,640 And this basically sets up a conflict 808 01:03:18,720 --> 01:03:22,280 between Yugoslavia and the United States that only gets worse. 809 01:03:23,240 --> 01:03:25,400 In only two short days, we've met the leaders 810 01:03:25,480 --> 01:03:28,320 and we came to bring the spirit of Apollo. 811 01:03:28,520 --> 01:03:30,720 But we are taking more than we brought. 812 01:03:35,040 --> 01:03:37,240 Doviđenja, Yugoslavia. 813 01:03:42,720 --> 01:03:46,000 Tito was furious about the U.S.' new terms. 814 01:03:46,160 --> 01:03:50,080 Based on the transcripts I found, Tito was genuinely beside himself 815 01:03:50,200 --> 01:03:52,880 and behind closed doors threatening Nixon 816 01:03:53,000 --> 01:03:55,000 saying he could leak, and I quote, 817 01:03:55,080 --> 01:03:59,440 "Information about American incompetence and gullibility to the Soviets." 818 01:04:00,120 --> 01:04:03,240 Nixon behaved arrogantly like a real Yankee. 819 01:04:03,400 --> 01:04:06,040 He even demanded that Tito pay back 820 01:04:06,160 --> 01:04:08,240 those few million dollars. 821 01:04:08,360 --> 01:04:13,080 Yugoslavia ended up with a debt of about $20 billion. 822 01:04:14,920 --> 01:04:17,440 Nixon was also pissed-off 823 01:04:17,520 --> 01:04:20,760 because Tito was nonchalantly smoking Cuba cigars, 824 01:04:20,840 --> 01:04:25,280 delivered to him directly by Fidel Castro. 825 01:04:26,520 --> 01:04:30,800 A great many people in the United States wonder how a man of 77 826 01:04:30,880 --> 01:04:32,920 continues to look so healthy and fit. 827 01:04:33,040 --> 01:04:35,400 I wonder if you might give the American people the secret. 828 01:04:35,480 --> 01:04:37,160 I have a special recipe. 829 01:04:38,720 --> 01:04:41,400 Due to my constant working dynamic, 830 01:04:41,480 --> 01:04:44,360 I just don't have time to get old. 831 01:04:50,840 --> 01:04:52,840 We have nothing to be afraid of. 832 01:05:47,880 --> 01:05:51,160 Six Yugoslav diplomatic missions throughout the United States are 833 01:05:51,240 --> 01:05:53,680 damaged in a series of mysterious bomb blasts 834 01:05:53,760 --> 01:05:56,080 all occurring within one hour of each other. 835 01:05:57,120 --> 01:05:59,960 In Washington, the Yugoslav Embassy suffered heavy damage. 836 01:06:00,240 --> 01:06:03,600 Here the bomb was placed in a shallow hole outside the furnace room. 837 01:06:03,880 --> 01:06:06,360 Ceiling tiles were broken, windows shattered, 838 01:06:06,440 --> 01:06:09,080 and a large hole blown out of the foundation wall. 839 01:06:10,120 --> 01:06:12,560 Casualties reach into the ranks of 28 wounded. 840 01:06:12,640 --> 01:06:14,720 Many suspects were rounded up for questioning. 841 01:06:14,800 --> 01:06:18,440 The State Department condemns the bombings as outrageous and senseless. 842 01:06:18,520 --> 01:06:21,640 Anti-Tito political terrorists are blamed for the attack. 843 01:06:30,360 --> 01:06:33,360 Tito got scared and started thinking about how to repay 844 01:06:33,440 --> 01:06:37,160 the debt from the space program to the U.S. 845 01:06:37,240 --> 01:06:39,200 Since we didn't have the actual currency, 846 01:06:39,280 --> 01:06:42,320 Tito started searching for alternatives. 847 01:06:43,760 --> 01:06:46,200 Based on expert analyses, 848 01:06:46,280 --> 01:06:51,080 Tito realized that the debt could be repaid by exporting cars. 849 01:06:52,720 --> 01:06:56,640 They were very surprised at the Zastava cars factory 850 01:06:56,720 --> 01:07:02,840 when Tito proposed the development of a luxurious vehicle. 851 01:07:02,920 --> 01:07:06,400 The engineers accepted the challenge. 852 01:07:18,320 --> 01:07:21,680 Yugoslavia and the Unites States of America 853 01:07:21,920 --> 01:07:24,480 have been collaborating for many years. 854 01:07:24,840 --> 01:07:27,880 I am truly confident that this collaboration 855 01:07:28,200 --> 01:07:30,240 will deepen from now on. 856 01:07:30,640 --> 01:07:33,320 For our mutual interest. 857 01:07:33,640 --> 01:07:35,040 Thank you. 858 01:07:37,160 --> 01:07:39,720 Wait until we have a drink and then translate. 859 01:07:48,160 --> 01:07:49,520 A few years later, 860 01:07:49,600 --> 01:07:53,120 Tito came back to the Zastava car plant, 861 01:07:53,200 --> 01:07:56,920 where Tito was given a key to the new car prototype. 862 01:08:05,720 --> 01:08:08,200 The situation was totally agonizing. 863 01:08:08,400 --> 01:08:12,000 Tito gave a key to his adjutant 864 01:08:12,200 --> 01:08:14,920 saying that this car was not suitable for him. 865 01:08:16,399 --> 01:08:18,600 He was clearly disappointed. 866 01:08:18,840 --> 01:08:21,640 It was obvious that they'd made a huge mistake 867 01:08:21,720 --> 01:08:26,120 by not reporting to Tito on the type of the car they were working on. 868 01:08:29,520 --> 01:08:32,160 We are confident that the Yugo offers 869 01:08:32,240 --> 01:08:34,920 the greatest value for the lowest price. 870 01:08:35,000 --> 01:08:37,680 I wish our Yugos a safe and quiet passage 871 01:08:37,760 --> 01:08:40,080 and much success in America! 872 01:08:40,479 --> 01:08:43,960 Good luck! Good luck in America! 873 01:08:52,040 --> 01:08:53,880 Introducing the new Yugo! 874 01:08:54,080 --> 01:08:56,240 A paramount engineering achievement from Yugoslavia. 875 01:08:56,319 --> 01:09:00,080 From busy traffic to rough terrain, Yugo will lead you anywhere. 876 01:09:01,080 --> 01:09:04,479 From the West to East coast, Yugo defeats the competitors. 877 01:09:04,560 --> 01:09:06,680 Reliability is its second name. 878 01:09:07,160 --> 01:09:10,200 Dependability and safety now have a totally new meaning. 879 01:09:11,560 --> 01:09:12,880 Do not hold your horses. 880 01:09:13,319 --> 01:09:16,640 Your dream of a tough, dependable car can finally be fulfilled. 881 01:09:18,000 --> 01:09:19,319 Buy yourself some freedom. 882 01:09:19,399 --> 01:09:20,800 Buy a Yugo! 883 01:09:22,160 --> 01:09:24,960 Yugo. More freedom for less money. 884 01:09:27,399 --> 01:09:29,240 Well, history repeats itself. 885 01:09:29,479 --> 01:09:33,000 The Yugos arrive in the United States 886 01:09:33,479 --> 01:09:36,600 and the Yugo becomes known as one of the worst cars 887 01:09:36,800 --> 01:09:38,680 in U.S. automotive history. 888 01:09:39,920 --> 01:09:42,880 And the relationship between Yugoslavia and the United States 889 01:09:43,000 --> 01:09:45,319 just continues to deteriorate. 890 01:09:47,920 --> 01:09:48,960 So, what's the plan? 891 01:09:49,120 --> 01:09:50,880 Well, right up here, we'll go meet Viktor. 892 01:09:51,000 --> 01:09:54,560 He used to work at the Soviet Embassy back in the 1980s. 893 01:09:54,640 --> 01:09:57,720 And he has a ton of really interesting stuff, 894 01:09:58,400 --> 01:10:00,560 and the American involvement in Yugoslavia. 895 01:10:00,880 --> 01:10:02,480 Viktor is it, 38 B? 896 01:10:03,400 --> 01:10:04,280 Yes. 897 01:10:05,920 --> 01:10:06,760 This should be it. 898 01:10:14,920 --> 01:10:18,880 So, Tito's failure with the Yugo means that he's starting to lose control. 899 01:10:19,080 --> 01:10:21,920 And the economic situation is getting worse. 900 01:10:22,120 --> 01:10:25,600 We see rising inflation and unemployment. 901 01:10:25,800 --> 01:10:30,400 This huge space program debt is divided amongst each of the Yugoslav republics. 902 01:10:30,720 --> 01:10:32,600 And they're complaining about it. 903 01:10:35,240 --> 01:10:37,760 Tito is being confronted by his own people. 904 01:10:37,880 --> 01:10:40,240 And he has to accept a new constitution 905 01:10:40,360 --> 01:10:42,640 which gives more independence to each republic. 906 01:10:42,720 --> 01:10:44,680 By accepting this new constitution, 907 01:10:44,760 --> 01:10:48,600 we enter a new phase in our struggle for Socialism. 908 01:10:48,760 --> 01:10:52,240 But Tito sees this as a betrayal. 909 01:10:52,640 --> 01:10:55,120 And for the U.S., this is a now-or-never moment 910 01:10:55,280 --> 01:10:58,160 to get involved in Yugoslavia itself. 911 01:11:04,120 --> 01:11:10,360 This is a copy of an original classified CIA report. 912 01:11:10,480 --> 01:11:12,120 Basically, what this should be called 913 01:11:12,200 --> 01:11:14,480 is a blueprint for the future of Yugoslavia. 914 01:11:14,640 --> 01:11:18,120 They lay out what should happen and what the U.S. wants to happen 915 01:11:18,240 --> 01:11:19,520 to get our money back. 916 01:11:20,240 --> 01:11:23,800 We knew about this plan. 917 01:11:24,000 --> 01:11:28,440 It's called destabilization 918 01:11:28,520 --> 01:11:32,720 and is based on the well-known doctrine of low-intensity warfare. 919 01:11:32,800 --> 01:11:34,680 Destabilize the socialist regime. 920 01:11:34,800 --> 01:11:36,640 Support political democratic parties. 921 01:11:37,000 --> 01:11:41,280 Encourage more American companies to do business with individual republics. 922 01:11:41,360 --> 01:11:42,920 Because, the each... 923 01:11:43,000 --> 01:11:46,120 Each of the individual republics would be smaller, 924 01:11:46,200 --> 01:11:49,480 it would be more easily manageable as a bunch of separate countries. 925 01:11:53,760 --> 01:11:56,960 And what you see is that the Yugoslav People's Army 926 01:11:57,040 --> 01:12:01,080 suddenly becomes the last unified entity in the country. 927 01:12:01,160 --> 01:12:04,520 And it tries to get a handle on the situation. 928 01:12:04,600 --> 01:12:07,280 The U.S., on the other hand, is pushing forward 929 01:12:07,360 --> 01:12:10,760 and supporting radical democratic ideas. 930 01:12:12,120 --> 01:12:14,520 As long as the apparatus of state security 931 01:12:14,600 --> 01:12:19,720 stays the same, any talk about a transition to a normal democratic 932 01:12:19,800 --> 01:12:22,880 civil society is pointless and makes no sense. 933 01:12:22,960 --> 01:12:25,680 Be alert that the apparatus is here and working. 934 01:12:26,280 --> 01:12:30,480 I remember very well that fellow of yours, Zizek. 935 01:12:31,000 --> 01:12:32,640 He used to be under surveillance 936 01:12:32,720 --> 01:12:34,600 by our National Security Bureau 937 01:12:34,680 --> 01:12:38,640 because he propagated radical philosophical ideas. 938 01:12:38,720 --> 01:12:43,360 He posed a bigger threat to Yugoslav People's Army 939 01:12:43,680 --> 01:12:48,080 than some anti-Yugoslav terrorist. 940 01:12:48,200 --> 01:12:50,600 As long as the relations between politics 941 01:12:50,680 --> 01:12:52,560 and our army are not resolved 942 01:12:52,640 --> 01:12:57,000 it is cynical to talk about our transition to a normal modern state. 943 01:12:57,880 --> 01:13:00,160 Tito is starting to lose the battle. 944 01:13:00,320 --> 01:13:02,480 He's getting older and older. 945 01:13:02,680 --> 01:13:07,040 He's abandoned and left alone while tensions are rising. 946 01:13:07,600 --> 01:13:10,880 Perhaps I don't feel as strong 947 01:13:11,000 --> 01:13:13,360 as I used to be. 948 01:13:13,440 --> 01:13:16,440 To give what's expected of me. 949 01:13:17,120 --> 01:13:20,040 I'm scared of the day when I'll be expected 950 01:13:20,200 --> 01:13:23,240 to give more than I'm able to. 951 01:13:39,280 --> 01:13:40,960 On that day, I was traveling 952 01:13:41,040 --> 01:13:43,000 from Ljubljana to Belgrade. 953 01:13:43,080 --> 01:13:46,320 When we arrived in Belgrade, we got a taxi. 954 01:13:46,400 --> 01:13:51,000 We were surprised because the taxi driver was not as talkative 955 01:13:51,080 --> 01:13:54,800 as Belgrade taxi drivers usually are. 956 01:13:55,360 --> 01:13:59,280 He had tears in his eyes. 957 01:14:02,480 --> 01:14:05,800 And we didn't ask what happened. 958 01:14:05,920 --> 01:14:07,320 We knew already. 959 01:14:07,640 --> 01:14:09,840 It was just confirmation for us 960 01:14:10,600 --> 01:14:13,960 that it had actually happened. 961 01:14:27,920 --> 01:14:34,560 ♪ Why aren't you here? ♪ 962 01:14:39,880 --> 01:14:45,320 ♪ Why aren't you here? ♪ 963 01:14:46,760 --> 01:14:51,920 ♪ Pearls of dew at night are strewn ♪ 964 01:14:52,760 --> 01:14:58,440 ♪ Over meadow flowers in early bloom ♪ 965 01:14:59,200 --> 01:15:04,120 ♪ My bosom cries a longing tune ♪ 966 01:15:06,360 --> 01:15:11,000 ♪ Why aren't you here? Why aren't you here? ♪ 967 01:15:14,520 --> 01:15:17,240 ♪ Why aren't you here? ♪ 968 01:15:18,880 --> 01:15:22,240 ♪ Relaxed, I fall asleep ♪ 969 01:15:22,320 --> 01:15:26,280 ♪ My soul is calm and deep ♪ 970 01:15:28,200 --> 01:15:31,560 ♪ And my heart, it whispers a squeak ♪ 971 01:15:31,840 --> 01:15:35,080 ♪ Why aren't you here? Why aren't you here? ♪ 972 01:15:39,280 --> 01:15:42,120 ♪ Why aren't you here? ♪ 973 01:15:43,920 --> 01:15:47,000 ♪ My heart whispers a squeak ♪ 974 01:15:47,080 --> 01:15:51,080 ♪ Why aren't you here? Why aren't you here? ♪ 975 01:15:55,000 --> 01:15:57,840 ♪ Why aren't you here? ♪ 976 01:16:18,280 --> 01:16:21,280 Yugoslavia starts disintegrating 977 01:16:21,360 --> 01:16:25,080 with many wars going on, many casualties, and the different ethnic groups 978 01:16:25,160 --> 01:16:29,440 fighting amongst themselves to try to establish new countries. 979 01:16:33,600 --> 01:16:40,560 Suddenly, it seemed that my career and life were worthless. 980 01:16:43,120 --> 01:16:49,120 Everything we fought for, worked for, 981 01:16:49,400 --> 01:16:54,720 and sacrificed ourselves for has disappeared. 982 01:17:05,160 --> 01:17:07,000 In 1991, 983 01:17:07,080 --> 01:17:11,400 when I saw that the country was falling apart, 984 01:17:15,080 --> 01:17:19,600 I tried to come back and flew to London. 985 01:17:20,200 --> 01:17:24,520 However, the scheduled flight to Zagreb was canceled 986 01:17:25,280 --> 01:17:29,600 due to an attack by the Yugoslav People's Army. 987 01:17:29,880 --> 01:17:32,160 I couldn't get to Zagreb. 988 01:17:33,200 --> 01:17:37,520 I had nothing else to do but go back to where I came from. 989 01:17:38,280 --> 01:17:43,320 I'm glad that we finally managed to find each other. 990 01:17:44,120 --> 01:17:45,120 Me too. 991 01:17:51,480 --> 01:17:54,600 I don't think the CIA realized the amount of violence 992 01:17:54,680 --> 01:17:57,120 that was actually going to happen when these countries 993 01:17:57,200 --> 01:17:59,360 started breaking apart from Yugoslavia. 994 01:17:59,440 --> 01:18:01,920 They have to do something to stop the war. 995 01:18:02,000 --> 01:18:06,320 So, in 1999, NATO starts a massive air campaign 996 01:18:06,520 --> 01:18:08,720 against what's left of Yugoslavia. 997 01:18:19,080 --> 01:18:23,640 Run! Are you alive? Run! 998 01:18:26,120 --> 01:18:29,560 Ironically enough, one of the first targets of the campaign 999 01:18:29,680 --> 01:18:32,360 is the factory where the Yugo was made. 1000 01:18:34,680 --> 01:18:37,160 This is a great day for freedom. 1001 01:18:42,760 --> 01:18:44,600 You secured your freedom 1002 01:18:44,920 --> 01:18:49,240 and you proclaimed it will never be the same again. 1003 01:18:49,320 --> 01:18:52,120 And America will help to encourage 1004 01:18:52,200 --> 01:18:54,760 more American companies to do business here. 1005 01:18:55,040 --> 01:18:56,440 To expand trade 1006 01:18:56,520 --> 01:18:59,080 and to do other things which will help your economy. 1007 01:19:00,200 --> 01:19:02,560 Democracy, tolerance and human rights 1008 01:19:02,640 --> 01:19:04,520 must prevail everywhere. 1009 01:19:05,040 --> 01:19:09,480 For no nation is safe, no prosperity is stable. 1010 01:19:09,880 --> 01:19:13,000 We must build a Europe with no front-line states. 1011 01:19:13,120 --> 01:19:15,600 And Slovenia can lead the way. 1012 01:19:15,960 --> 01:19:17,600 And America will help-- 1013 01:19:20,920 --> 01:19:25,160 This film will be a real triumph if after seeing it, 1014 01:19:25,560 --> 01:19:29,360 an average spectator will become aware 1015 01:19:29,440 --> 01:19:32,160 not just how we are always manipulated and so on, 1016 01:19:32,240 --> 01:19:35,560 but how there is no simple, direct lie. 1017 01:19:35,840 --> 01:19:38,280 Even if, everything is a fake... 1018 01:19:38,600 --> 01:19:43,000 This fake precisely, in so far as we know that it's a fake, 1019 01:19:43,080 --> 01:19:48,280 tells us so much about the social reality in which we live. 1020 01:19:48,360 --> 01:19:50,920 Even if it didn't happen, it's true. 1021 01:19:51,200 --> 01:19:53,640 And that's the crucial message. 1022 01:20:08,440 --> 01:20:10,480 There's also his wife's grave. 1023 01:20:12,120 --> 01:20:13,160 Where? 1024 01:20:13,440 --> 01:20:14,840 There. 1025 01:20:22,040 --> 01:20:24,000 Should we go? 1026 01:20:27,720 --> 01:20:29,160 Let's go, Dad. 1027 01:20:30,400 --> 01:20:31,840 Are you hungry, 1028 01:20:32,120 --> 01:20:33,280 thirsty? 1029 01:20:34,760 --> 01:20:39,040 Fuck off, Tito!